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Senate leaders scramble to save bipartisan deal to avert shutdown

In a surprising turn, Senate Democrats were able to strike a deal with President Donald Trump Thursday night to separate DHS funding from the broader appropriations package and fund it for two weeks while Congress debates ICE guardrails.

“Republicans and Democrats have come together to get the vast majority of the government funded until September,” Trump said in a social media post Thursday evening, encouraging members of both parties to cast a “much needed Bipartisan ‘YES’ vote.”

However, late Thursday, this plan ran into further snags. Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina is one of the main objectors, opposing language which repealed a provision allowing senators to sue if their phone records were collected. This contentious “Arctic Frost” provision passed as part of the bill ending the government shutdown last year and was ultimately struck out of the final House bill.

The Senate reconvened this morning to try again to pass the funding measures. If it passes, it will then need to go back to the House, meaning at least a short funding lapse.

On the House side, Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters he had been “vehemently opposed” to breaking up the funding package, but “if it is broken up, we will have to move it as quickly as possible. We can’t have the government shut down.” He said he doesn’t expect any floor votes on the funding bill until Monday.

House Republicans have already made it clear they do not want changes to the bill they passed. Members of the conservative House Freedom Caucus wrote they stand with ICE in a letter to President Trump on Tuesday.

Shutdown Updates

Negotiations continue to intensify between the White House and Senate Democrats as they attempt to reach a last-minute agreement over how to advance the remaining appropriations bills.

During a 45-55 test vote this morning, Democrats voted to block the package, as they continue to push for an agreement to separate Homeland Security from the rest of the legislation, allowing them to approve the five other bills which would fund the majority of the federal government for the rest of the fiscal year. A handful of Republicans also opposed the package, citing various spending objections.

The list of demands from Senate Democrats include ending roving patrols, requiring body cameras, preventing agents from wearing masks, and requiring them to work more closely with local law enforcement.

A partial government shutdown beginning at midnight on Friday is now almost certain.

Partial government shutdown looms

The likelihood of a partial government shutdown has increased, as Senate Democrats face pressure to block Department of Homeland Security funding following the fatal shootings of U.S. citizens Alex Pretti and Renee Good by federal immigration officers in Minneapolis this month. Congress has until January 30 to pass a spending resolution, to avoid shutting down large portions of the government.  

On January 22, the House sent the $1.2 trillion appropriations package to the Senate, which included roughly $10 billion for ICE (full details are in the previous blog post). The DHS funding bill received a separate vote in the House, narrowly passing by a vote of 220-207. Only seven Democrats voted in favor, as public pressure mounts to rein in ICE following large-scale protests in Minnesota.  

The package seemed poised to pass the Senate with at least 60 votes, but following the shooting of Alex Pretti on January 24, Senate Democrats have vowed they will not fund DHS without new guardrails.  

Weather-related disruptions from the winter storm have complicated matters; the Senate vote scheduled for January 26 has been rescheduled until at least January 27. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer hopes to separate the DHS bill from the rest of the measures, which have overwhelming bipartisan support. However, even if Senate Democrats can convince Republicans to separate it, the legislation would need approval again in the House, which is on recess until February 2. All this points towards a likely shutdown beginning Friday. 

Unlike the last government shutdown, many government operations would remain operational. Congress has already passed six out of the 12 full-year appropriations bills, which have been signed into law by President Trump. This includes funding for the Departments of Justice, Commerce, Agriculture, Interior, Veterans Affairs, and the Legislative Branch.  

More details to come. 

Final FY26 Appropriations Bills Released

As plenty of current events grab the national headlines, appropriators on the Hill have been quietly negotiating the remaining FY26 funding bills, ahead of the January 30th shutdown deadline. These bills largely reject the massive cuts proposed by President Trump to HHS, NIH, NOAA, EPA, USGS, and NASA, among many other federal agencies. Congress has also rejected proposals to eliminate multiple federal programs and reorganize agency structures, while looking to rebuild staffing levels after the Trump administration slashed workforces across numerous agencies last year.

Tuesday morning, the Senate and House Appropriations Committee released as one package text of the four remaining FY26 bills: Defense; Homeland Security; Labor, Health and Human Services, Education; and Transportation, Housing, and Urban Development. Full bill text is available here.

These bills will now need to pass both the House and Senate. The Homeland Security bill is expected to be a point of major contention, as the bill includes modest reforms to ICE (including funding for body cameras and de-escalation training), but does not include broader structural reforms many Democrats have proposed. House Committee on Appropriations Ranking Member Rose DeLauro announced yesterday morning she expects it to receive a separate vote in the House.

These bills include:

  • $116.8 billion for the Department of Health and Human Services ($210 million increase from FY25)
  • $48.7 billion for the National Institutes of Health ($415 million increase from FY25)
  • $79 billion for the Department of Education ($217 million increase from FY25)
  • $1.19 billion for TRIO and $388 million for GEAR UP (level with FY25)
  • Retains the full $7,395 maximum grant amount for Pell Grants
  • $838.7 billion for the Department of Defense, including $145.9 billion for research, development, testing, and evaluation functions ($4.7 billion increase from FY25)

Defense Joint Explanatory Statement

Homeland Security Joint Explanatory Statement

Labor-HHS-Education Joint Explanatory Statement

Transportation-HUD Joint Explanatory Statement

Last week, the Senate joined the House in passing a minibus of three bills: Commerce, Justice, Science; Interior and Environment; and Energy and Water Development. These bills now go to President Trump to be signed into law. Text of the three-bill package is available here. While most agencies face minor reductions, they are far below the levels President Trump proposed in his budget request.

The bills include:

  • $8.7 billion for the National Science Foundation (a 3% cut from FY25)
  • $7.25 billion for NASA Science (a 1% cut)
  • $8.4 billion for the Department of Energy Office of Science (a 2% increase)
  • $350 million for the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Energy (a 24% cut)
  • $207 million for the National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Endowment for the Arts (same funding level as FY25)

Commerce-Justice-Science Joint Explanatory Statement

Energy-Water Joint Explanatory Statement

Interior-Environment Joint Explanatory Statement

Senator Murray visits UW, celebrating $10M federal funding for AI research

On Friday, Senator Patty Murray visited the UW’s eScience Institute to speak with students about how they are harnessing AI in their research. Senator Murray recently secured $10 million in federal funding for the UW to expand its secure computing and data infrastructure for AI research. This funding, part of the Commerce-Justice-Science appropriations bill, will support Tillicum, the UW’s next-generation computing platform which launched in October.

“If you don’t have the computers, if you don’t have the basic infrastructure, you’re stymied,” Murray said in an interview with GeekWire. “So this benefits everybody — whether it’s creating jobs, whether it’s creating better healthcare, whether it’s creating more innovators who come here to Washington state to be able to create jobs for the future and make a better way of life for all of us.”

Read more about the visit here.

Student presents research to Senator Murray, standing in front of a laptop and whiteboard.

President Jones and Senator Murray stand with students in front of eSciences studio.

Photo Credit: Kate Rich