WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.390 align:middle line:90% 00:00:05.390 --> 00:00:06.700 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Hello, everybody. 00:00:06.700 --> 00:00:11.830 align:middle line:84% It is 10 o'clock, so I'm going to go ahead and get started. 00:00:11.830 --> 00:00:14.520 align:middle line:84% For those of you who I don't know, my name's Brianna Blaser. 00:00:14.520 --> 00:00:17.310 align:middle line:84% I work with a program called DO IT at the University 00:00:17.310 --> 00:00:19.227 align:middle line:90% of Washington. 00:00:19.227 --> 00:00:21.810 align:middle line:84% DO IT stands for disabilities, opportunities, internetworking, 00:00:21.810 --> 00:00:22.960 align:middle line:90% and technology. 00:00:22.960 --> 00:00:26.070 align:middle line:84% And we work a lot on the intersection 00:00:26.070 --> 00:00:27.480 align:middle line:90% of disability and STEM. 00:00:27.480 --> 00:00:31.245 align:middle line:84% And so one of the projects that we have is funded by the United 00:00:31.245 --> 00:00:36.000 align:middle line:84% Engineering Foundation, is a project to think more about how 00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:38.580 align:middle line:84% we talk about accessibility within engineering 00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:42.910 align:middle line:84% and building community among folks interested in that topic, 00:00:42.910 --> 00:00:45.270 align:middle line:84% and so through this project, we're 00:00:45.270 --> 00:00:48.690 align:middle line:84% doing a series of webinars, including today's 00:00:48.690 --> 00:00:54.170 align:middle line:84% as well as we have an online community practice and some-- 00:00:54.170 --> 00:00:56.670 align:middle line:84% we'll be writing some resources that will be on our website, 00:00:56.670 --> 00:00:57.170 align:middle line:90% as well. 00:00:57.170 --> 00:00:59.310 align:middle line:84% So I'll share a link to that in the chat 00:00:59.310 --> 00:01:01.110 align:middle line:84% if you're interested in learning more, 00:01:01.110 --> 00:01:02.610 align:middle line:84% and there'll be information-- you'll 00:01:02.610 --> 00:01:04.664 align:middle line:84% get an email after the webinar with an evaluation 00:01:04.664 --> 00:01:06.270 align:middle line:84% and a little more information on that 00:01:06.270 --> 00:01:09.140 align:middle line:84% if you're interested in engaging more with us. 00:01:09.140 --> 00:01:11.220 align:middle line:84% So I'm really excited about today's webinar 00:01:11.220 --> 00:01:13.488 align:middle line:90% with Dave Jaffe from Stanford. 00:01:13.488 --> 00:01:15.780 align:middle line:84% He's been a really active participant in these webinars 00:01:15.780 --> 00:01:17.988 align:middle line:84% that we've had this year, and I've really appreciated 00:01:17.988 --> 00:01:20.370 align:middle line:90% his comments and participation. 00:01:20.370 --> 00:01:23.790 align:middle line:84% And so it's a great opportunity to have 00:01:23.790 --> 00:01:27.810 align:middle line:84% him present on his perspectives on assistive technology 00:01:27.810 --> 00:01:30.210 align:middle line:90% and the design process. 00:01:30.210 --> 00:01:32.400 align:middle line:84% Dave's an instructor at Stanford University, 00:01:32.400 --> 00:01:35.850 align:middle line:84% and for the past 13 years he's taught Perspectives 00:01:35.850 --> 00:01:38.310 align:middle line:84% in Assistive Technology, a course that 00:01:38.310 --> 00:01:40.140 align:middle line:84% explores the design, development, 00:01:40.140 --> 00:01:42.210 align:middle line:84% and use of technology that benefits people 00:01:42.210 --> 00:01:44.953 align:middle line:84% with disabilities and older adults. 00:01:44.953 --> 00:01:47.370 align:middle line:84% In addition to his course, he's involved in other Stanford 00:01:47.370 --> 00:01:49.080 align:middle line:84% courses and student projects that 00:01:49.080 --> 00:01:51.150 align:middle line:90% involve assistive technology. 00:01:51.150 --> 00:01:54.330 align:middle line:84% So from there, I will let Dave, take it over. 00:01:54.330 --> 00:01:56.230 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Hello. 00:01:56.230 --> 00:01:56.730 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:01:56.730 --> 00:02:01.570 align:middle line:90% 00:02:01.570 --> 00:02:02.070 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:02:02.070 --> 00:02:04.860 align:middle line:90% 00:02:04.860 --> 00:02:12.150 align:middle line:84% I just shared my screen, and bring up my slides. 00:02:12.150 --> 00:02:15.065 align:middle line:90% 00:02:15.065 --> 00:02:15.565 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:02:15.565 --> 00:02:18.930 align:middle line:90% 00:02:18.930 --> 00:02:21.560 align:middle line:90% OK, is everybody seeing that? 00:02:21.560 --> 00:02:22.060 align:middle line:90% Yeah? 00:02:22.060 --> 00:02:23.888 align:middle line:90% SPEAKER 2: No. 00:02:23.888 --> 00:02:24.430 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yes. 00:02:24.430 --> 00:02:25.525 align:middle line:90% SPEAKER 2: There, yes. 00:02:25.525 --> 00:02:26.483 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Oh, OK. 00:02:26.483 --> 00:02:27.490 align:middle line:90% A little bit of a delay. 00:02:27.490 --> 00:02:29.860 align:middle line:84% Well first of all, Thank you Brianna, 00:02:29.860 --> 00:02:34.120 align:middle line:84% for the opportunity of presenting this webinar. 00:02:34.120 --> 00:02:43.360 align:middle line:84% And I want to say hello to everybody out in Zoom Land. 00:02:43.360 --> 00:02:45.320 align:middle line:90% And let's move forward here. 00:02:45.320 --> 00:02:49.750 align:middle line:84% So a little bit about me, I got my undergraduate degree 00:02:49.750 --> 00:02:53.740 align:middle line:84% in electrical engineering from the University of Michigan 00:02:53.740 --> 00:02:58.300 align:middle line:84% and a degree in biomedical engineering from Northwestern. 00:02:58.300 --> 00:03:04.030 align:middle line:84% And here's an image of what I looked like back then. 00:03:04.030 --> 00:03:10.270 align:middle line:84% And after I graduated Northwestern, 00:03:10.270 --> 00:03:13.660 align:middle line:84% I was employed at the VA hospital in Hines, 00:03:13.660 --> 00:03:17.240 align:middle line:84% outside Chicago, for about 5 and 1/2 years. 00:03:17.240 --> 00:03:20.890 align:middle line:84% And then I moved out to California almost 40 years ago 00:03:20.890 --> 00:03:24.580 align:middle line:84% to work at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. 00:03:24.580 --> 00:03:28.030 align:middle line:84% We had a center called the Rehabilitation Research 00:03:28.030 --> 00:03:29.560 align:middle line:90% and Development Center. 00:03:29.560 --> 00:03:32.130 align:middle line:90% And I did that for a long time. 00:03:32.130 --> 00:03:36.610 align:middle line:84% The center developed technology that helped veterans 00:03:36.610 --> 00:03:40.360 align:middle line:84% with disability, and we took advantage of new technology 00:03:40.360 --> 00:03:46.000 align:middle line:84% like robotics and embedded systems and stuff like that. 00:03:46.000 --> 00:03:51.310 align:middle line:84% And about 13 years ago, I moved over to Stanford, 00:03:51.310 --> 00:03:53.710 align:middle line:84% just down the road, where I have my own course called 00:03:53.710 --> 00:03:56.230 align:middle line:84% Perspectives in Assistive Technology. 00:03:56.230 --> 00:04:01.160 align:middle line:84% And I also help out in a bunch of other courses. 00:04:01.160 --> 00:04:04.480 align:middle line:84% Some of them actually have student projects 00:04:04.480 --> 00:04:06.190 align:middle line:90% in assistive technology. 00:04:06.190 --> 00:04:09.640 align:middle line:84% And so this is the third week of the year, 00:04:09.640 --> 00:04:13.300 align:middle line:84% and I've already had like four different groups contact me 00:04:13.300 --> 00:04:16.680 align:middle line:90% about their student projects. 00:04:16.680 --> 00:04:22.530 align:middle line:84% OK, so guys who are old enough, and girls, 00:04:22.530 --> 00:04:24.033 align:middle line:90% remember Watch Mr. Wizard. 00:04:24.033 --> 00:04:25.450 align:middle line:84% And that's what inspired me to get 00:04:25.450 --> 00:04:27.940 align:middle line:90% into engineering and science. 00:04:27.940 --> 00:04:33.430 align:middle line:84% I was an early home computer adopter. 00:04:33.430 --> 00:04:38.410 align:middle line:90% This is my setup back in 1978. 00:04:38.410 --> 00:04:42.010 align:middle line:84% And I always tell the story about a meeting where 00:04:42.010 --> 00:04:46.600 align:middle line:84% everybody in the Chicago area who had a computer, you know, 00:04:46.600 --> 00:04:50.750 align:middle line:84% met together, and the 10 of us shared one table. 00:04:50.750 --> 00:04:55.430 align:middle line:90% 00:04:55.430 --> 00:04:57.600 align:middle line:84% But now I'm basically at Stanford 00:04:57.600 --> 00:05:01.200 align:middle line:84% in the role of a lecturer teaching 00:05:01.200 --> 00:05:05.160 align:middle line:90% about assistive technology. 00:05:05.160 --> 00:05:07.810 align:middle line:84% So here are some of the agenda items 00:05:07.810 --> 00:05:09.940 align:middle line:84% I'm going to be talking about today. 00:05:09.940 --> 00:05:11.670 align:middle line:84% I want to mention here that a lot of this 00:05:11.670 --> 00:05:16.230 align:middle line:90% is sort of my philosophy. 00:05:16.230 --> 00:05:20.940 align:middle line:84% So if you like it, you know, you can adopt it and use it. 00:05:20.940 --> 00:05:23.610 align:middle line:84% If it doesn't match with the way your brain 00:05:23.610 --> 00:05:27.000 align:middle line:84% works or your philosophy, you're welcome to reject it. 00:05:27.000 --> 00:05:32.770 align:middle line:84% But I just throw it out there as my perspective on these things. 00:05:32.770 --> 00:05:34.930 align:middle line:90% So let's get started. 00:05:34.930 --> 00:05:37.380 align:middle line:84% You know, the first thing is you hear 00:05:37.380 --> 00:05:40.560 align:middle line:84% a lot of talk about assistive technology and accessibility 00:05:40.560 --> 00:05:41.148 align:middle line:90% and stuff. 00:05:41.148 --> 00:05:42.690 align:middle line:84% And so the first thing I'd like to do 00:05:42.690 --> 00:05:48.510 align:middle line:84% is sort of tell you, in my mind, what the difference is. 00:05:48.510 --> 00:05:53.040 align:middle line:84% So accessibility, again, this is my definition, 00:05:53.040 --> 00:05:57.150 align:middle line:90% is a property of a device. 00:05:57.150 --> 00:06:00.840 align:middle line:84% It's a design criteria, goal or constraint or feature 00:06:00.840 --> 00:06:03.360 align:middle line:84% that allows people of differing abilities 00:06:03.360 --> 00:06:06.000 align:middle line:84% to share and use common resources. 00:06:06.000 --> 00:06:08.520 align:middle line:84% So the examples of different abilities 00:06:08.520 --> 00:06:12.900 align:middle line:84% are sensory impairments, cognition, language 00:06:12.900 --> 00:06:15.330 align:middle line:90% impairments, and even location. 00:06:15.330 --> 00:06:17.340 align:middle line:84% If you're not in the right location, 00:06:17.340 --> 00:06:21.780 align:middle line:84% maybe it's hard to participate unless you have Zoom. 00:06:21.780 --> 00:06:24.120 align:middle line:84% And examples of common resources are 00:06:24.120 --> 00:06:27.240 align:middle line:84% all of the infrastructure we see around us, including buildings, 00:06:27.240 --> 00:06:34.050 align:middle line:84% transportation systems, includes computer products, including 00:06:34.050 --> 00:06:37.020 align:middle line:84% consumer products including computers and software, 00:06:37.020 --> 00:06:40.380 align:middle line:84% institutions, including schools, places of work, 00:06:40.380 --> 00:06:42.630 align:middle line:84% banks, government facilities, and voting places, 00:06:42.630 --> 00:06:48.630 align:middle line:84% where we all need to get to and to use every day. 00:06:48.630 --> 00:06:52.260 align:middle line:84% Public spaces, cities parks, playgrounds, trails 00:06:52.260 --> 00:06:55.600 align:middle line:84% are all things that should be open to everybody. 00:06:55.600 --> 00:06:57.210 align:middle line:84% And of course, books and the internet 00:06:57.210 --> 00:07:01.080 align:middle line:84% are important resources that everybody uses. 00:07:01.080 --> 00:07:03.900 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:07:03.900 --> 00:07:07.470 align:middle line:84% In many instances, an assistive technology device 00:07:07.470 --> 00:07:11.220 align:middle line:84% can provide access to an otherwise inaccessible 00:07:11.220 --> 00:07:12.210 align:middle line:90% resource. 00:07:12.210 --> 00:07:15.480 align:middle line:84% So that's the relation between the two. 00:07:15.480 --> 00:07:17.280 align:middle line:84% Assistive technology is typically 00:07:17.280 --> 00:07:20.910 align:middle line:84% like a personal device that somebody uses 00:07:20.910 --> 00:07:24.160 align:middle line:90% to gain access to the world. 00:07:24.160 --> 00:07:29.640 align:middle line:84% On the left is a communication system for non-vocal kids. 00:07:29.640 --> 00:07:32.520 align:middle line:84% You press the button, and it speaks. 00:07:32.520 --> 00:07:37.910 align:middle line:84% On the lower right is a Braille notepad. 00:07:37.910 --> 00:07:42.840 align:middle line:84% It has a refreshable Braille display and a Braille keyboard. 00:07:42.840 --> 00:07:44.670 align:middle line:84% Again, these are personal devices, 00:07:44.670 --> 00:07:50.860 align:middle line:84% and typically are used by the individual with a disability. 00:07:50.860 --> 00:07:54.000 align:middle line:90% So it's not a shared device. 00:07:54.000 --> 00:07:56.430 align:middle line:84% Looking at the definition of assistive technology, 00:07:56.430 --> 00:07:59.980 align:middle line:84% most people think about it as a device, a piece of equipment, 00:07:59.980 --> 00:08:06.150 align:middle line:84% or product that can be used to increase, maintain, or improve 00:08:06.150 --> 00:08:11.640 align:middle line:84% the capabilities of individuals with disabilities. 00:08:11.640 --> 00:08:14.940 align:middle line:84% Nice definition, but in my definition, 00:08:14.940 --> 00:08:18.750 align:middle line:84% it includes [AUDIO OUT] noises, but processes 00:08:18.750 --> 00:08:20.310 align:middle line:84% that make these devices available, 00:08:20.310 --> 00:08:24.720 align:middle line:84% and the institutions and facilities and policies that 00:08:24.720 --> 00:08:27.150 align:middle line:90% make this all happen, as well. 00:08:27.150 --> 00:08:32.130 align:middle line:84% So a device is one that has a diagnostic, functional, 00:08:32.130 --> 00:08:41.929 align:middle line:84% adaptive [AUDIO OUT] the California Department 00:08:41.929 --> 00:08:43.820 align:middle line:90% of Vocational Rehab. 00:08:43.820 --> 00:08:48.620 align:middle line:84% And engineers employ a process to specify, design, test, 00:08:48.620 --> 00:08:51.245 align:middle line:84% and bring to market new assistive technology devices. 00:08:51.245 --> 00:08:54.140 align:middle line:90% 00:08:54.140 --> 00:08:56.683 align:middle line:84% So these devices provide greater independence, 00:08:56.683 --> 00:08:58.850 align:middle line:84% increased opportunities for people with disabilities 00:08:58.850 --> 00:09:00.260 align:middle line:90% and older adults. 00:09:00.260 --> 00:09:01.280 align:middle line:90% And how do they do this? 00:09:01.280 --> 00:09:04.070 align:middle line:84% By allowing them to perform tasks 00:09:04.070 --> 00:09:07.670 align:middle line:84% that they were formerly unable to accomplish 00:09:07.670 --> 00:09:10.010 align:middle line:90% or required assistance. 00:09:10.010 --> 00:09:12.830 align:middle line:84% And it's through these altered methods 00:09:12.830 --> 00:09:14.420 align:middle line:84% of interacting with the world that 00:09:14.420 --> 00:09:17.410 align:middle line:90% make this all work together. 00:09:17.410 --> 00:09:20.570 align:middle line:84% But you know, we also use devices every day, all of us 00:09:20.570 --> 00:09:24.380 align:middle line:84% use devices that sort of do the same thing. 00:09:24.380 --> 00:09:29.090 align:middle line:84% We use computers to enable us to communicate. 00:09:29.090 --> 00:09:31.340 align:middle line:84% And that's an alternate method of interacting 00:09:31.340 --> 00:09:34.560 align:middle line:90% with the world around us. 00:09:34.560 --> 00:09:37.640 align:middle line:84% There are new devices coming out all the time that 00:09:37.640 --> 00:09:40.380 align:middle line:84% improve the lives of people with disabilities, 00:09:40.380 --> 00:09:45.650 align:middle line:84% and there are devices coming out all the time that 00:09:45.650 --> 00:09:48.260 align:middle line:84% improve the lives of everybody, including 00:09:48.260 --> 00:09:49.910 align:middle line:90% people with disabilities. 00:09:49.910 --> 00:09:53.210 align:middle line:84% So all this stuff leads me to conclude that everything 00:09:53.210 --> 00:09:54.560 align:middle line:90% is assistive technology. 00:09:54.560 --> 00:09:58.760 align:middle line:84% Not just technology, but the transportation system, 00:09:58.760 --> 00:10:00.680 align:middle line:84% the institutions, the government, 00:10:00.680 --> 00:10:05.180 align:middle line:84% all these networks that we use enable 00:10:05.180 --> 00:10:07.650 align:middle line:90% us to be more than we are. 00:10:07.650 --> 00:10:13.100 align:middle line:84% And we enjoy using them because it enables us to live 00:10:13.100 --> 00:10:14.930 align:middle line:90% the lives that we want to live. 00:10:14.930 --> 00:10:19.490 align:middle line:84% And of course, a really big piece of assistive technology 00:10:19.490 --> 00:10:21.230 align:middle line:90% is Stanford. 00:10:21.230 --> 00:10:24.420 align:middle line:84% Without Stanford and other institutions of learning, 00:10:24.420 --> 00:10:29.090 align:middle line:84% we would not be able to learn, gain knowledge, and get 00:10:29.090 --> 00:10:33.307 align:middle line:84% to the point of being able to benefit other people. 00:10:33.307 --> 00:10:33.890 align:middle line:90% SPEAKER 2: OK. 00:10:33.890 --> 00:10:35.150 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: [INAUDIBLE] 00:10:35.150 --> 00:10:36.128 align:middle line:90% SPEAKER 2: Thank you. 00:10:36.128 --> 00:10:36.920 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK. 00:10:36.920 --> 00:10:38.690 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: [INAUDIBLE] 00:10:38.690 --> 00:10:41.720 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: So a couple quick definitions 00:10:41.720 --> 00:10:43.820 align:middle line:90% of disability. 00:10:43.820 --> 00:10:45.320 align:middle line:84% So I've come up with these, and I've 00:10:45.320 --> 00:10:47.110 align:middle line:84% tried to be inclusive as possible. 00:10:47.110 --> 00:10:50.570 align:middle line:84% So a couple years ago, this was my top definition, 00:10:50.570 --> 00:10:56.270 align:middle line:84% a health condition or impairment that prevents an individual 00:10:56.270 --> 00:10:59.300 align:middle line:84% from taking full advantage of life's opportunities, 00:10:59.300 --> 00:11:02.000 align:middle line:84% such as education, vocation, recreation, 00:11:02.000 --> 00:11:03.770 align:middle line:84% and all the activities of daily living. 00:11:03.770 --> 00:11:06.420 align:middle line:90% 00:11:06.420 --> 00:11:11.900 align:middle line:84% And disability actually includes any situation, not just 00:11:11.900 --> 00:11:14.450 align:middle line:84% a health condition, but any situation 00:11:14.450 --> 00:11:17.730 align:middle line:84% that deprives one of taking advantage 00:11:17.730 --> 00:11:20.220 align:middle line:90% of talents and opportunities. 00:11:20.220 --> 00:11:24.300 align:middle line:90% So, you know, this could be-- 00:11:24.300 --> 00:11:26.820 align:middle line:84% you could be like a concert pianist, 00:11:26.820 --> 00:11:33.570 align:middle line:84% and if you're living in a place, a country or a planet, 00:11:33.570 --> 00:11:36.960 align:middle line:84% that's at war, you can't practice your talent. 00:11:36.960 --> 00:11:42.030 align:middle line:84% And so for me, that's sort of a disabling situation. 00:11:42.030 --> 00:11:45.150 align:middle line:84% But this is the best inclusive definition of disability 00:11:45.150 --> 00:11:46.710 align:middle line:90% I've seen. 00:11:46.710 --> 00:11:49.720 align:middle line:84% Disability is a normal variation of the human condition. 00:11:49.720 --> 00:11:52.650 align:middle line:84% So you think of all life and all humanity 00:11:52.650 --> 00:11:54.660 align:middle line:84% as being a continuous line, you know, 00:11:54.660 --> 00:11:56.730 align:middle line:84% we're all on that line someplace. 00:11:56.730 --> 00:12:00.570 align:middle line:84% We're all individuals on the normal variation 00:12:00.570 --> 00:12:02.350 align:middle line:90% of the human condition. 00:12:02.350 --> 00:12:05.820 align:middle line:84% I really like this definition because it doesn't separate 00:12:05.820 --> 00:12:08.190 align:middle line:90% disability from ability. 00:12:08.190 --> 00:12:14.160 align:middle line:84% So we're all part of this thing, human condition. 00:12:14.160 --> 00:12:17.940 align:middle line:84% Disability rates vary by all sorts of things-- 00:12:17.940 --> 00:12:21.930 align:middle line:84% age, gender, where you live, economic status-- 00:12:21.930 --> 00:12:24.330 align:middle line:84% but this is the big thing here, disabilities 00:12:24.330 --> 00:12:27.460 align:middle line:84% may result in a reduced chance for education. 00:12:27.460 --> 00:12:31.020 align:middle line:84% And if you don't have education, you can't get employed. 00:12:31.020 --> 00:12:34.500 align:middle line:84% If you don't have a job, you're not making money, 00:12:34.500 --> 00:12:36.630 align:middle line:90% and you're basically in poverty. 00:12:36.630 --> 00:12:42.720 align:middle line:84% So this is the huge effect of disability. 00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:46.620 align:middle line:84% Lots of people with disability live in poverty. 00:12:46.620 --> 00:12:52.140 align:middle line:84% And the other thing to notice is that people are getting older. 00:12:52.140 --> 00:12:54.400 align:middle line:84% The whole nation, the whole world in general 00:12:54.400 --> 00:12:55.350 align:middle line:90% is getting older. 00:12:55.350 --> 00:12:59.550 align:middle line:84% And disability increases with age. 00:12:59.550 --> 00:13:04.710 align:middle line:90% So we should be aware of that. 00:13:04.710 --> 00:13:07.950 align:middle line:84% So here's a question I ask my students. 00:13:07.950 --> 00:13:09.750 align:middle line:84% Identify a large group of individuals 00:13:09.750 --> 00:13:12.090 align:middle line:84% who spend lots of time in institutions 00:13:12.090 --> 00:13:14.950 align:middle line:84% before they can contribute to society. 00:13:14.950 --> 00:13:17.240 align:middle line:90% And the answer is students. 00:13:17.240 --> 00:13:19.920 align:middle line:84% You know, I mean, how much time have you 00:13:19.920 --> 00:13:26.220 align:middle line:84% spent going to school from maybe age 4 to age 21, 25? 00:13:26.220 --> 00:13:29.880 align:middle line:84% And so it's again getting to the point 00:13:29.880 --> 00:13:31.890 align:middle line:84% where you have enough information and knowledge 00:13:31.890 --> 00:13:34.950 align:middle line:90% and skills to benefit society. 00:13:34.950 --> 00:13:42.450 align:middle line:90% 00:13:42.450 --> 00:13:44.160 align:middle line:84% If we only had downloadable skills 00:13:44.160 --> 00:13:45.743 align:middle line:84% like they had in The Matrix, you know, 00:13:45.743 --> 00:13:48.340 align:middle line:84% you get plugged into a computer, and in 10 seconds 00:13:48.340 --> 00:13:50.700 align:middle line:84% you can fly a helicopter, that would be great. 00:13:50.700 --> 00:13:53.130 align:middle line:84% Think of all the added time we would 00:13:53.130 --> 00:13:55.950 align:middle line:90% have to help our fellow men-- 00:13:55.950 --> 00:14:01.810 align:middle line:84% and women-- if we gained knowledge quicker than we 00:14:01.810 --> 00:14:02.310 align:middle line:90% do now. 00:14:02.310 --> 00:14:06.700 align:middle line:84% It's such a laborious and expensive process. 00:14:06.700 --> 00:14:10.060 align:middle line:84% So disability, even superheroes have disability. 00:14:10.060 --> 00:14:13.960 align:middle line:84% Here, we see Superman with green kryptonite. 00:14:13.960 --> 00:14:16.340 align:middle line:84% And there's other people with disabilities. 00:14:16.340 --> 00:14:18.970 align:middle line:84% There's this Jean-Luc Picard character 00:14:18.970 --> 00:14:22.930 align:middle line:84% on the bottom here in a power wheelchair. 00:14:22.930 --> 00:14:25.870 align:middle line:84% And here he is in like a jet-powered wheelchair, 00:14:25.870 --> 00:14:28.780 align:middle line:84% and there's this other guy in a manual chair. 00:14:28.780 --> 00:14:30.910 align:middle line:84% And it looks like, you know, there's 00:14:30.910 --> 00:14:33.710 align:middle line:90% exoskeleton being used here. 00:14:33.710 --> 00:14:39.190 align:middle line:84% So you know, everybody, even superheroes, have disabilities. 00:14:39.190 --> 00:14:42.740 align:middle line:84% A little bit about universal design. 00:14:42.740 --> 00:14:46.930 align:middle line:84% It's a design strategy meant to build 00:14:46.930 --> 00:14:52.540 align:middle line:84% devices that will be workable for a larger market of people. 00:14:52.540 --> 00:14:56.710 align:middle line:84% So the usual way of showing this is to-- 00:14:56.710 --> 00:15:01.710 align:middle line:90% well, let me see if I can-- 00:15:01.710 --> 00:15:05.720 align:middle line:84% whoops, I didn't want to do that. 00:15:05.720 --> 00:15:08.670 align:middle line:84% The reason for doing this is it helps everybody. 00:15:08.670 --> 00:15:12.150 align:middle line:84% If you can build a device that everybody can use, 00:15:12.150 --> 00:15:15.390 align:middle line:84% the market is larger, you get more sales, 00:15:15.390 --> 00:15:18.480 align:middle line:90% and everybody's happy. 00:15:18.480 --> 00:15:21.060 align:middle line:90% It doesn't always work out. 00:15:21.060 --> 00:15:24.480 align:middle line:84% I'll tell you some reasons why it doesn't work later. 00:15:24.480 --> 00:15:31.500 align:middle line:84% So one big accessibility design example I want to show you 00:15:31.500 --> 00:15:33.780 align:middle line:90% is here at Stanford. 00:15:33.780 --> 00:15:37.830 align:middle line:84% So this site here was a building, a library. 00:15:37.830 --> 00:15:41.010 align:middle line:84% They tore it down, and they put in a park here. 00:15:41.010 --> 00:15:43.620 align:middle line:84% And the park is like a sunken park. 00:15:43.620 --> 00:15:47.130 align:middle line:84% And so how do you get down the stairs 00:15:47.130 --> 00:15:50.120 align:middle line:84% if you're a person with a disability? 00:15:50.120 --> 00:15:56.310 align:middle line:84% Well, what they've done is build this nice spiral walkway down 00:15:56.310 --> 00:15:57.310 align:middle line:90% to the bottom. 00:15:57.310 --> 00:15:59.670 align:middle line:90% And that's just really nice. 00:15:59.670 --> 00:16:00.680 align:middle line:90% Everybody uses that. 00:16:00.680 --> 00:16:06.280 align:middle line:84% I've seen people with strollers, people with wheelchairs 00:16:06.280 --> 00:16:06.780 align:middle line:90% use that. 00:16:06.780 --> 00:16:10.202 align:middle line:84% So that's a really good example of universal design. 00:16:10.202 --> 00:16:11.160 align:middle line:90% And here's some others. 00:16:11.160 --> 00:16:18.330 align:middle line:84% We always talk about the OXO products, plugs that 00:16:18.330 --> 00:16:20.925 align:middle line:90% are easy to remove by pulling. 00:16:20.925 --> 00:16:26.630 align:middle line:90% 00:16:26.630 --> 00:16:28.190 align:middle line:84% We have this faucet that you just 00:16:28.190 --> 00:16:30.260 align:middle line:90% touch to turn on the water. 00:16:30.260 --> 00:16:33.170 align:middle line:84% And then we have this stairway here, 00:16:33.170 --> 00:16:37.710 align:middle line:90% which has a ramp included in it. 00:16:37.710 --> 00:16:41.480 align:middle line:84% And you might think, wow, that's really cool, it's inclusive. 00:16:41.480 --> 00:16:44.600 align:middle line:84% You know, it's stairs, it's a ramp, it's both. 00:16:44.600 --> 00:16:46.610 align:middle line:84% But looking at it a little bit closely, 00:16:46.610 --> 00:16:49.730 align:middle line:84% if you were a person walking up to the stairs, 00:16:49.730 --> 00:16:52.700 align:middle line:84% you hit the ramp, and there's a little bit of a discontinuity 00:16:52.700 --> 00:16:53.420 align:middle line:90% there. 00:16:53.420 --> 00:16:56.270 align:middle line:84% And so the students I've seen that are looking 00:16:56.270 --> 00:16:58.790 align:middle line:84% at their smartphones all the time, you know, 00:16:58.790 --> 00:16:59.880 align:middle line:90% that could be an issue. 00:16:59.880 --> 00:17:01.370 align:middle line:90% They could trip. 00:17:01.370 --> 00:17:05.400 align:middle line:84% In addition, folks who use wheelchairs, 00:17:05.400 --> 00:17:07.859 align:middle line:84% I think they might be able to fall off 00:17:07.859 --> 00:17:13.030 align:middle line:84% some of these stairs on the side here. 00:17:13.030 --> 00:17:15.900 align:middle line:84% And in addition, it looks like this slope 00:17:15.900 --> 00:17:17.640 align:middle line:90% is a little too steep. 00:17:17.640 --> 00:17:20.730 align:middle line:84% So this is an example a lot of people 00:17:20.730 --> 00:17:25.079 align:middle line:84% use for universal design, but it's really 00:17:25.079 --> 00:17:26.220 align:middle line:90% not universal design. 00:17:26.220 --> 00:17:29.560 align:middle line:90% 00:17:29.560 --> 00:17:31.340 align:middle line:84% So I want to talk about the market 00:17:31.340 --> 00:17:32.690 align:middle line:90% for assistive technology. 00:17:32.690 --> 00:17:36.050 align:middle line:84% There's lots of people in the US and globally 00:17:36.050 --> 00:17:38.700 align:middle line:84% who have some kind of disability. 00:17:38.700 --> 00:17:40.970 align:middle line:84% And you might think, well, you know, wheelchair users, 00:17:40.970 --> 00:17:45.320 align:middle line:84% that's several million people with a disability, 00:17:45.320 --> 00:17:48.890 align:middle line:84% and you might think of that as a homogeneous group. 00:17:48.890 --> 00:17:50.840 align:middle line:90% But it isn't. 00:17:50.840 --> 00:17:55.130 align:middle line:84% You know, every person has different wheelchair needs 00:17:55.130 --> 00:17:56.390 align:middle line:90% and preferences. 00:17:56.390 --> 00:17:58.880 align:middle line:84% You know, you've got manual wheelchairs, power wheelchairs, 00:17:58.880 --> 00:18:01.400 align:middle line:84% and you have to fit the wheelchair and the cushion 00:18:01.400 --> 00:18:02.210 align:middle line:90% to the individual. 00:18:02.210 --> 00:18:04.890 align:middle line:90% It's a whole process. 00:18:04.890 --> 00:18:10.050 align:middle line:84% And so it's not really a homogeneous group. 00:18:10.050 --> 00:18:14.940 align:middle line:84% And in addition, every person has a unique personality, 00:18:14.940 --> 00:18:16.860 align:middle line:84% challenges, circumstances, goals, 00:18:16.860 --> 00:18:18.490 align:middle line:90% and aesthetic preferences. 00:18:18.490 --> 00:18:21.420 align:middle line:84% So what this does is it fragments the market 00:18:21.420 --> 00:18:23.380 align:middle line:90% almost down to the individual. 00:18:23.380 --> 00:18:26.670 align:middle line:84% So if you're trying to build an assistive technology device, 00:18:26.670 --> 00:18:31.140 align:middle line:84% I mean, it's hard to build it in a way that accommodates 00:18:31.140 --> 00:18:33.450 align:middle line:84% lots of people with one disability 00:18:33.450 --> 00:18:34.710 align:middle line:90% because they're all different. 00:18:34.710 --> 00:18:36.540 align:middle line:90% You know, I want a green one. 00:18:36.540 --> 00:18:38.790 align:middle line:84% You know, I need something special. 00:18:38.790 --> 00:18:44.610 align:middle line:84% I prioritize maybe cost over performance. 00:18:44.610 --> 00:18:45.820 align:middle line:90% And this goes on and on. 00:18:45.820 --> 00:18:50.010 align:middle line:84% So the lack of this well-designed mass market, 00:18:50.010 --> 00:18:54.210 align:middle line:84% well-defined mass market means that the companies serving 00:18:54.210 --> 00:18:56.400 align:middle line:84% people with disabilities are pretty small 00:18:56.400 --> 00:18:59.070 align:middle line:84% and the products are pretty expensive because there's 00:18:59.070 --> 00:19:01.080 align:middle line:90% a lack of economies of scale. 00:19:01.080 --> 00:19:06.360 align:middle line:84% You can't build 50,000 of any piece of assistive technology 00:19:06.360 --> 00:19:12.060 align:middle line:84% because there are not many people that would buy it. 00:19:12.060 --> 00:19:16.030 align:middle line:84% A little bit about empathy and compassion. 00:19:16.030 --> 00:19:20.220 align:middle line:84% So they talk a lot about empathy as a part of the design 00:19:20.220 --> 00:19:25.490 align:middle line:84% process, but in my mind, it's basically 00:19:25.490 --> 00:19:28.200 align:middle line:90% sharing emotions and feelings. 00:19:28.200 --> 00:19:30.610 align:middle line:84% And there's really no action there. 00:19:30.610 --> 00:19:33.030 align:middle line:84% And in addition, I found out if you 00:19:33.030 --> 00:19:35.820 align:middle line:84% do too much empathy without taking action, 00:19:35.820 --> 00:19:38.110 align:middle line:90% you can develop depression. 00:19:38.110 --> 00:19:39.930 align:middle line:84% So what you really want to do is look 00:19:39.930 --> 00:19:43.170 align:middle line:84% at compassion, which is sympathy, 00:19:43.170 --> 00:19:48.300 align:middle line:84% but it has an active element in there 00:19:48.300 --> 00:19:52.770 align:middle line:84% by having a strong desire to alleviate the suffering. 00:19:52.770 --> 00:19:55.170 align:middle line:84% So these are words from the dictionary. 00:19:55.170 --> 00:19:56.130 align:middle line:90% These aren't my words. 00:19:56.130 --> 00:19:57.860 align:middle line:90% I wouldn't use suffering. 00:19:57.860 --> 00:20:00.050 align:middle line:90% OK? 00:20:00.050 --> 00:20:04.490 align:middle line:84% So empathy is used in a lot of design processes, 00:20:04.490 --> 00:20:06.200 align:middle line:90% including design thinking. 00:20:06.200 --> 00:20:08.120 align:middle line:84% I really don't think it's the right word, 00:20:08.120 --> 00:20:11.300 align:middle line:84% and I'm going to be talking about a better 00:20:11.300 --> 00:20:15.200 align:middle line:84% way of thinking about designing and building stuff. 00:20:15.200 --> 00:20:17.100 align:middle line:84% So the engineering design process, 00:20:17.100 --> 00:20:20.270 align:middle line:84% this comes from ABET, the organization 00:20:20.270 --> 00:20:24.240 align:middle line:84% that accredits university engineering programs. 00:20:24.240 --> 00:20:26.840 align:middle line:90% So here's their definition. 00:20:26.840 --> 00:20:37.570 align:middle line:84% And they actually put in an accessibility provision 00:20:37.570 --> 00:20:39.560 align:middle line:84% in here, though I don't see it now. 00:20:39.560 --> 00:20:43.424 align:middle line:90% 00:20:43.424 --> 00:20:46.220 align:middle line:84% Oh yeah, right here, accessibility. 00:20:46.220 --> 00:20:50.930 align:middle line:84% So those are some of the considerations when you're 00:20:50.930 --> 00:20:54.380 align:middle line:90% doing an engineering design. 00:20:54.380 --> 00:20:57.680 align:middle line:84% But in my mind, the most important part 00:20:57.680 --> 00:21:01.010 align:middle line:84% of any design process is to understand the problem. 00:21:01.010 --> 00:21:07.150 align:middle line:84% For my engineering mind, this is like a key, obvious issue. 00:21:07.150 --> 00:21:10.340 align:middle line:84% And that involves clarifying goals and objectives 00:21:10.340 --> 00:21:14.570 align:middle line:84% and talking to who your customer or customers are 00:21:14.570 --> 00:21:17.960 align:middle line:84% and looking at the existing products that are out there, 00:21:17.960 --> 00:21:23.770 align:middle line:84% gathering as much information as you can about the problem, 00:21:23.770 --> 00:21:27.200 align:middle line:84% including on the internet, looking at journals, product 00:21:27.200 --> 00:21:31.230 align:middle line:84% catalogs, talking to stakeholders, experts, health 00:21:31.230 --> 00:21:34.940 align:middle line:84% care professionals, finding out as much as you can 00:21:34.940 --> 00:21:38.330 align:middle line:84% through observation and interview of people. 00:21:38.330 --> 00:21:44.310 align:middle line:84% You can review a person's disability condition, 00:21:44.310 --> 00:21:47.330 align:middle line:84% and maybe you can even simulate that 00:21:47.330 --> 00:21:51.530 align:middle line:84% by wearing goggles that provide a vision impairment. 00:21:51.530 --> 00:21:54.770 align:middle line:84% I'm not sure that's so good, but basically you 00:21:54.770 --> 00:21:58.410 align:middle line:84% want to talk to a lot of people and get a lot of perspectives, 00:21:58.410 --> 00:22:02.510 align:middle line:84% including those of family members, health care 00:22:02.510 --> 00:22:05.640 align:middle line:84% professionals, colleagues, researchers and stuff. 00:22:05.640 --> 00:22:08.900 align:middle line:84% And that's why you may want to go to a conference 00:22:08.900 --> 00:22:10.700 align:middle line:84% where you can learn about all these things 00:22:10.700 --> 00:22:13.760 align:middle line:84% and talk to people who are experts in the field, 00:22:13.760 --> 00:22:16.580 align:middle line:84% like Ray Grott and also participate 00:22:16.580 --> 00:22:20.090 align:middle line:84% in a listserv where, if you have a question about something 00:22:20.090 --> 00:22:24.430 align:middle line:90% [AUDIO OUT] from a colleague. 00:22:24.430 --> 00:22:32.530 align:middle line:84% So a couple things that I've identified in these quotes 00:22:32.530 --> 00:22:34.240 align:middle line:90% are really important. 00:22:34.240 --> 00:22:37.300 align:middle line:84% A user may have a good handle on what the problem 00:22:37.300 --> 00:22:41.170 align:middle line:84% that he or she experiences, but they may not 00:22:41.170 --> 00:22:44.770 align:middle line:84% have a good idea of the benefits and limitations of technology. 00:22:44.770 --> 00:22:46.600 align:middle line:84% So they can tell you about the problem, 00:22:46.600 --> 00:22:49.670 align:middle line:84% but they might not be able to tell you how to solve it. 00:22:49.670 --> 00:22:53.030 align:middle line:84% So that's where, if you're an engineer or a product designer, 00:22:53.030 --> 00:22:54.870 align:middle line:90% your skills come into play. 00:22:54.870 --> 00:22:58.360 align:middle line:84% And again, since each person has their own circumstances, 00:22:58.360 --> 00:23:01.510 align:middle line:84% aesthetics, and are individuals, the solution 00:23:01.510 --> 00:23:03.340 align:middle line:84% that you have for one person may not 00:23:03.340 --> 00:23:06.460 align:middle line:84% be applicable to the entire population. 00:23:06.460 --> 00:23:11.110 align:middle line:84% And this really comes apparent when 00:23:11.110 --> 00:23:16.020 align:middle line:84% you try to build a product that will serve lots of people. 00:23:16.020 --> 00:23:22.750 align:middle line:84% It's really hard to come up with one design that can 00:23:22.750 --> 00:23:25.900 align:middle line:90% apply to the whole population. 00:23:25.900 --> 00:23:29.470 align:middle line:84% Again, look in published literature, 00:23:29.470 --> 00:23:35.260 align:middle line:84% look in other student projects, look in product catalogs 00:23:35.260 --> 00:23:39.250 align:middle line:84% because you want to know what's already out there. 00:23:39.250 --> 00:23:42.460 align:middle line:84% What products currently address the problem? 00:23:42.460 --> 00:23:44.680 align:middle line:84% If you try to solve a problem without doing that, 00:23:44.680 --> 00:23:49.500 align:middle line:84% you may be reinventing what already exists. 00:23:49.500 --> 00:23:51.480 align:middle line:90% What products are commonly used? 00:23:51.480 --> 00:23:56.000 align:middle line:90% What is their standard of care? 00:23:56.000 --> 00:24:00.850 align:middle line:84% And so this is a real important quote that I've come up with. 00:24:00.850 --> 00:24:03.430 align:middle line:84% Sometimes the only problem is the lack 00:24:03.430 --> 00:24:07.690 align:middle line:84% of awareness of a suitable existing solution. 00:24:07.690 --> 00:24:14.500 align:middle line:84% Many, many times, I hear people wanting a product 00:24:14.500 --> 00:24:20.200 align:middle line:84% or suggesting a project that they think 00:24:20.200 --> 00:24:23.610 align:middle line:84% is unique and has no solution, but it does. 00:24:23.610 --> 00:24:29.740 align:middle line:84% And I've actually modified this statement to most of the time. 00:24:29.740 --> 00:24:33.010 align:middle line:84% So I would say 9 times out of 10, 00:24:33.010 --> 00:24:34.870 align:middle line:84% there is something that already exists. 00:24:34.870 --> 00:24:37.720 align:middle line:84% So I've got an email saying, Dave, why don't you 00:24:37.720 --> 00:24:40.370 align:middle line:84% have students work on this project, 00:24:40.370 --> 00:24:43.780 align:middle line:84% and I do a Google search, and there's dozens of products 00:24:43.780 --> 00:24:48.270 align:middle line:90% that serve that person. 00:24:48.270 --> 00:24:49.860 align:middle line:84% If you're an engineer, you may want 00:24:49.860 --> 00:24:52.830 align:middle line:84% to find out why the current products don't work. 00:24:52.830 --> 00:24:55.560 align:middle line:90% They may be expensive. 00:24:55.560 --> 00:24:56.580 align:middle line:90% They may weigh a lot. 00:24:56.580 --> 00:24:59.790 align:middle line:90% They may be bulky. 00:24:59.790 --> 00:25:01.160 align:middle line:90% They may not be reliable. 00:25:01.160 --> 00:25:02.580 align:middle line:90% They may be ineffective. 00:25:02.580 --> 00:25:05.670 align:middle line:90% 00:25:05.670 --> 00:25:07.960 align:middle line:84% People may not use them for one reason or another. 00:25:07.960 --> 00:25:10.845 align:middle line:90% Maybe it's been misprescribed. 00:25:10.845 --> 00:25:11.970 align:middle line:90% Maybe it doesn't look good. 00:25:11.970 --> 00:25:14.760 align:middle line:84% Maybe it has poor functionality, doesn't fit right, 00:25:14.760 --> 00:25:16.500 align:middle line:90% or it falls apart. 00:25:16.500 --> 00:25:21.580 align:middle line:84% Or maybe it's an old piece of technology that could be-- 00:25:21.580 --> 00:25:24.070 align:middle line:84% there may be better stuff out there. 00:25:24.070 --> 00:25:26.547 align:middle line:90% 00:25:26.547 --> 00:25:28.380 align:middle line:84% So a lot of people talk about need when they 00:25:28.380 --> 00:25:30.160 align:middle line:90% talk about designing stuff. 00:25:30.160 --> 00:25:35.640 align:middle line:84% But in my mind, a need is a subjective judgment, 00:25:35.640 --> 00:25:40.890 align:middle line:84% and what you really need to do to judge the need 00:25:40.890 --> 00:25:42.930 align:middle line:84% is have a full understanding of the problem. 00:25:42.930 --> 00:25:46.410 align:middle line:84% And then you can move on to brainstorming and the design 00:25:46.410 --> 00:25:48.210 align:middle line:90% process. 00:25:48.210 --> 00:25:51.650 align:middle line:84% Some general prototyping rules are 00:25:51.650 --> 00:25:57.960 align:middle line:84% start early, build things out of low-cost materials 00:25:57.960 --> 00:26:01.140 align:middle line:84% and in low resolution and really quickly so you 00:26:01.140 --> 00:26:07.410 align:middle line:84% can get a physical, tactile handle on what's going on. 00:26:07.410 --> 00:26:10.110 align:middle line:90% You want to test it with users. 00:26:10.110 --> 00:26:12.060 align:middle line:84% It's OK to work with one user if you're 00:26:12.060 --> 00:26:16.470 align:middle line:84% a student working on a project in a class like mine. 00:26:16.470 --> 00:26:20.070 align:middle line:84% You want to measure something if you're an engineer, 00:26:20.070 --> 00:26:22.440 align:middle line:90% get feedback, get suggestions. 00:26:22.440 --> 00:26:25.200 align:middle line:84% You want to analyze and reconsider what you've done, 00:26:25.200 --> 00:26:31.320 align:middle line:84% and then redesign and iterate through fabrication again. 00:26:31.320 --> 00:26:35.280 align:middle line:84% And ideally, the prototype that you're making 00:26:35.280 --> 00:26:39.510 align:middle line:84% should inform you of your next design iteration. 00:26:39.510 --> 00:26:40.885 align:middle line:90% OK? 00:26:40.885 --> 00:26:42.510 align:middle line:84% And you're going to do a bunch of these 00:26:42.510 --> 00:26:46.690 align:middle line:90% until the time or money run out. 00:26:46.690 --> 00:26:51.000 align:middle line:84% So some examples of assistive technology devices, here's 00:26:51.000 --> 00:26:55.290 align:middle line:84% one that a student of mine did about five years ago. 00:26:55.290 --> 00:26:58.680 align:middle line:84% She used a brain-computer interface 00:26:58.680 --> 00:27:04.230 align:middle line:84% to monitor, detect eye blinks, and to control computer games 00:27:04.230 --> 00:27:07.250 align:middle line:90% and other things. 00:27:07.250 --> 00:27:09.520 align:middle line:84% I'm going to have to take a break for a moment, 00:27:09.520 --> 00:27:10.810 align:middle line:90% and then I'll be right back. 00:27:10.810 --> 00:27:12.300 align:middle line:90% So hold on. 00:27:12.300 --> 00:27:20.308 align:middle line:90% 00:27:20.308 --> 00:27:25.101 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: OK, we'll continue going in a minute. 00:27:25.101 --> 00:27:27.270 align:middle line:84% Does anybody have any comments or questions 00:27:27.270 --> 00:27:29.970 align:middle line:84% they want to share while we're waiting for Dave to come back? 00:27:29.970 --> 00:27:43.450 align:middle line:90% 00:27:43.450 --> 00:27:47.310 align:middle line:84% I haven't seen this headset this person's wearing before. 00:27:47.310 --> 00:27:48.940 align:middle line:90% It's interesting. 00:27:48.940 --> 00:27:50.340 align:middle line:90% I'm curious more about it. 00:27:50.340 --> 00:27:56.900 align:middle line:90% 00:27:56.900 --> 00:27:59.840 align:middle line:84% Somebody asked in the chat, will the slides be shared later. 00:27:59.840 --> 00:28:02.200 align:middle line:84% Let me ask Dave if he is willing to share them, 00:28:02.200 --> 00:28:03.650 align:middle line:90% and I will get them. 00:28:03.650 --> 00:28:14.750 align:middle line:90% 00:28:14.750 --> 00:28:17.360 align:middle line:84% When we do get to the Q&A period, 00:28:17.360 --> 00:28:22.030 align:middle line:84% you'll be able to ask questions in the chat, 00:28:22.030 --> 00:28:24.280 align:middle line:84% or you can unmute yourself and ask questions, as well. 00:28:24.280 --> 00:28:27.130 align:middle line:84% So if you have any questions for Dave, keep them in mind. 00:28:27.130 --> 00:28:30.360 align:middle line:90% 00:28:30.360 --> 00:28:31.860 align:middle line:84% And I can tell you a little bit more 00:28:31.860 --> 00:28:34.830 align:middle line:84% about some of the work we've done 00:28:34.830 --> 00:28:38.070 align:middle line:84% through this project and some of the other webinars we've 00:28:38.070 --> 00:28:39.058 align:middle line:90% had coming up. 00:28:39.058 --> 00:28:41.100 align:middle line:84% We've had some folks talk about their experiences 00:28:41.100 --> 00:28:45.872 align:middle line:84% teaching about accessibility and figuring out 00:28:45.872 --> 00:28:46.830 align:middle line:90% other ways to teach it. 00:28:46.830 --> 00:28:49.870 align:middle line:84% We had a panel of individuals-- some were students, 00:28:49.870 --> 00:28:51.870 align:middle line:84% some were professionals with disabilities-- talk 00:28:51.870 --> 00:28:54.580 align:middle line:90% about their own experiences. 00:28:54.580 --> 00:28:57.090 align:middle line:84% And we had a panel of UW faculty [INAUDIBLE].. 00:28:57.090 --> 00:28:59.145 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, I'm back. 00:28:59.145 --> 00:29:00.480 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: [INAUDIBLE] 00:29:00.480 --> 00:29:01.800 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: I'm sorry. 00:29:01.800 --> 00:29:03.390 align:middle line:84% You know, sometimes nature calls, 00:29:03.390 --> 00:29:05.638 align:middle line:84% and maybe I shouldn't have had that second cup of tea 00:29:05.638 --> 00:29:06.180 align:middle line:90% this morning. 00:29:06.180 --> 00:29:07.106 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: You're fine. 00:29:07.106 --> 00:29:08.940 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: So I apologize. 00:29:08.940 --> 00:29:09.975 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Keep going. 00:29:09.975 --> 00:29:11.100 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, thanks. 00:29:11.100 --> 00:29:14.250 align:middle line:90% 00:29:14.250 --> 00:29:16.440 align:middle line:84% There's a lot of brain-computer interfaces, 00:29:16.440 --> 00:29:19.840 align:middle line:90% including this robotic hand. 00:29:19.840 --> 00:29:25.770 align:middle line:84% So here, you see this woman with a plug in her head. 00:29:25.770 --> 00:29:29.760 align:middle line:84% And just by her thought she's thinking about, 00:29:29.760 --> 00:29:33.984 align:middle line:84% she thinks and she's able to move this robotic [AUDIO OUT].. 00:29:33.984 --> 00:29:44.316 align:middle line:90% 00:29:44.316 --> 00:29:48.978 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: It looks like our connection cut out. 00:29:48.978 --> 00:29:51.170 align:middle line:84% Hopefully Dave will be back in a second. 00:29:51.170 --> 00:30:11.200 align:middle line:90% 00:30:11.200 --> 00:30:13.006 align:middle line:84% Then, other, anyone else hear him? 00:30:13.006 --> 00:30:17.770 align:middle line:90% 00:30:17.770 --> 00:30:19.150 align:middle line:90% SPEAKER 3: I can't hear him. 00:30:19.150 --> 00:30:19.960 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: No, OK. 00:30:19.960 --> 00:30:21.460 align:middle line:84% SPEAKER 2: I can't hear him, either. 00:30:21.460 --> 00:30:23.370 align:middle line:90% It's frozen. 00:30:23.370 --> 00:30:23.870 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: OK. 00:30:23.870 --> 00:30:25.540 align:middle line:84% It looks like he got disconnected. 00:30:25.540 --> 00:30:26.790 align:middle line:90% Hopefully he'll connect again. 00:30:26.790 --> 00:30:29.860 align:middle line:84% Sorry for the technical difficulties, everybody. 00:30:29.860 --> 00:30:31.850 align:middle line:90% We'll continue in just a second. 00:30:31.850 --> 00:30:33.900 align:middle line:90% There we go. 00:30:33.900 --> 00:30:35.567 align:middle line:84% Looks like the connection cut out there. 00:30:35.567 --> 00:30:36.942 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: I should be back. 00:30:36.942 --> 00:30:37.800 align:middle line:90% Am I back? 00:30:37.800 --> 00:30:38.883 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yeah, I hear now. 00:30:38.883 --> 00:30:39.480 align:middle line:90% Yes. 00:30:39.480 --> 00:30:40.820 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK. 00:30:40.820 --> 00:30:45.400 align:middle line:90% Where did all my stuff go? 00:30:45.400 --> 00:30:48.140 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: You should be able to share the screen again. 00:30:48.140 --> 00:30:51.020 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah, but my screen is-- 00:30:51.020 --> 00:30:53.356 align:middle line:84% I don't have my icons on the screen. 00:30:53.356 --> 00:30:54.330 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Hm. 00:30:54.330 --> 00:30:55.790 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Oh, I see in my-- 00:30:55.790 --> 00:30:56.980 align:middle line:90% OK, I got it. 00:30:56.980 --> 00:30:58.750 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: OK. 00:30:58.750 --> 00:31:01.720 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Can you see that? 00:31:01.720 --> 00:31:02.300 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: No. 00:31:02.300 --> 00:31:03.092 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: No? 00:31:03.092 --> 00:31:05.280 align:middle line:90% OK, hold on. 00:31:05.280 --> 00:31:08.590 align:middle line:90% OK, hold on. 00:31:08.590 --> 00:31:11.080 align:middle line:90% I'm in control here. 00:31:11.080 --> 00:31:15.120 align:middle line:90% Let's go down, hit that Share. 00:31:15.120 --> 00:31:17.780 align:middle line:90% 00:31:17.780 --> 00:31:19.774 align:middle line:90% Did that share? 00:31:19.774 --> 00:31:22.077 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: There you go. 00:31:22.077 --> 00:31:23.160 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Thank you. 00:31:23.160 --> 00:31:23.660 align:middle line:90% Sorry. 00:31:23.660 --> 00:31:26.324 align:middle line:90% 00:31:26.324 --> 00:31:28.450 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Some days are like that, 00:31:28.450 --> 00:31:31.330 align:middle line:84% but everybody's hanging with us, so we'll keep going. 00:31:31.330 --> 00:31:34.810 align:middle line:84% I was chatting also on other webinars earlier, so. 00:31:34.810 --> 00:31:38.410 align:middle line:90% 00:31:38.410 --> 00:31:42.160 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, I should be back. 00:31:42.160 --> 00:31:43.090 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yes. 00:31:43.090 --> 00:31:45.257 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Fast forward through all this stuff. 00:31:45.257 --> 00:31:47.380 align:middle line:90% Oh, god. 00:31:47.380 --> 00:31:49.340 align:middle line:90% I'm sorry. 00:31:49.340 --> 00:31:52.675 align:middle line:90% It worked so well yesterday. 00:31:52.675 --> 00:31:54.050 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Some days are like that. 00:31:54.050 --> 00:31:57.168 align:middle line:90% Have to roll with the punches. 00:31:57.168 --> 00:31:58.960 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: You know, you do everything 00:31:58.960 --> 00:32:05.440 align:middle line:84% you can to make it work, and then you're 00:32:05.440 --> 00:32:07.640 align:middle line:90% at the mercy of technology. 00:32:07.640 --> 00:32:08.280 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yeah. 00:32:08.280 --> 00:32:10.580 align:middle line:90% Oh, totally. 00:32:10.580 --> 00:32:13.263 align:middle line:84% We depend on it for so many things, too. 00:32:13.263 --> 00:32:14.180 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Right. 00:32:14.180 --> 00:32:14.740 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:32:14.740 --> 00:32:18.060 align:middle line:90% So that's why, you know-- 00:32:18.060 --> 00:32:18.560 align:middle line:90% yeah. 00:32:18.560 --> 00:32:23.932 align:middle line:90% 00:32:23.932 --> 00:32:25.390 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: So we were looking at-- it 00:32:25.390 --> 00:32:28.060 align:middle line:84% looked like it was CBS News coverage of a woman using 00:32:28.060 --> 00:32:30.663 align:middle line:90% a robotic arm. 00:32:30.663 --> 00:32:31.830 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Right, yeah. 00:32:31.830 --> 00:32:33.660 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: With hear head plugged in. 00:32:33.660 --> 00:32:34.493 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yes. 00:32:34.493 --> 00:32:37.360 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Which I have questions about. 00:32:37.360 --> 00:32:39.820 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, and that was actually a few years ago. 00:32:39.820 --> 00:32:44.410 align:middle line:84% I'm really sorry this is taking so long. 00:32:44.410 --> 00:32:46.750 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: You're totally fine. 00:32:46.750 --> 00:32:48.360 align:middle line:84% Did she have some kind of implant? 00:32:48.360 --> 00:32:49.652 align:middle line:90% Is that how they were able to-- 00:32:49.652 --> 00:32:51.750 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah, there's an array 00:32:51.750 --> 00:32:55.200 align:middle line:84% of electrodes in her brain that picks up 00:32:55.200 --> 00:32:59.610 align:middle line:84% signals that are analyzed by a computer that 00:32:59.610 --> 00:33:04.280 align:middle line:84% are recognized as movement, some of them as movement commands. 00:33:04.280 --> 00:33:07.110 align:middle line:84% And that's the way most of these things type work. 00:33:07.110 --> 00:33:09.540 align:middle line:90% So it's measuring EEG signals. 00:33:09.540 --> 00:33:16.660 align:middle line:90% 00:33:16.660 --> 00:33:19.194 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:33:19.194 --> 00:33:20.156 align:middle line:90% 00:33:20.156 --> 00:33:21.118 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:33:21.118 --> 00:33:23.650 align:middle line:90% Ugh. 00:33:23.650 --> 00:33:25.150 align:middle line:90% I'm sorry. 00:33:25.150 --> 00:33:26.648 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: You're totally fine. 00:33:26.648 --> 00:33:27.940 align:middle line:90% We're rolling with the punches. 00:33:27.940 --> 00:33:35.712 align:middle line:90% 00:33:35.712 --> 00:33:37.420 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah, just taking a while 00:33:37.420 --> 00:33:44.320 align:middle line:84% to advance each slide because of-- 00:33:44.320 --> 00:33:46.928 align:middle line:90% guess my laptop is working hard. 00:33:46.928 --> 00:33:47.970 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yeah, you know-- 00:33:47.970 --> 00:33:48.790 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: There we go. 00:33:48.790 --> 00:33:49.970 align:middle line:90% No, no, we're almost there. 00:33:49.970 --> 00:33:52.730 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: --that I've had issues with Zoom on certain computers. 00:33:52.730 --> 00:33:54.680 align:middle line:84% So it's not perfect, but we use it 00:33:54.680 --> 00:33:56.630 align:middle line:84% because it's a fairly accessible interface. 00:33:56.630 --> 00:33:58.110 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Right. 00:33:58.110 --> 00:34:01.130 align:middle line:84% So there's been a bunch of people looking 00:34:01.130 --> 00:34:07.850 align:middle line:84% at building hands for kids who are missing hands 00:34:07.850 --> 00:34:09.610 align:middle line:90% using a 3D printer. 00:34:09.610 --> 00:34:11.610 align:middle line:84% And it's been going on for a long time, 00:34:11.610 --> 00:34:14.810 align:middle line:84% and so I would think they'd be close in building 00:34:14.810 --> 00:34:21.560 align:middle line:84% a hand for every kid who is missing a hand. 00:34:21.560 --> 00:34:23.179 align:middle line:90% And they do this in-- 00:34:23.179 --> 00:34:25.340 align:middle line:84% one of the companies is Not Impossible Labs, 00:34:25.340 --> 00:34:27.239 align:middle line:84% so they're doing this around the world. 00:34:27.239 --> 00:34:30.179 align:middle line:90% In this case, Sudan. 00:34:30.179 --> 00:34:34.757 align:middle line:84% This is a non-3D-printed hand that my colleague has worked 00:34:34.757 --> 00:34:36.590 align:middle line:84% on for a number of years, and they've almost 00:34:36.590 --> 00:34:41.420 align:middle line:84% got 50,000 of these deployed in other countries. 00:34:41.420 --> 00:34:45.300 align:middle line:90% Very simple hand, $50. 00:34:45.300 --> 00:34:49.045 align:middle line:90% Here's a pink hand, 3D-printed. 00:34:49.045 --> 00:34:50.420 align:middle line:84% Certainly if you're somebody that 00:34:50.420 --> 00:34:56.389 align:middle line:84% uses this, that could be really cool, but the question is, 00:34:56.389 --> 00:34:58.880 align:middle line:84% in my mind, are these things really functional? 00:34:58.880 --> 00:35:00.270 align:middle line:90% Do kids use them every day? 00:35:00.270 --> 00:35:01.910 align:middle line:90% Do people use them every day? 00:35:01.910 --> 00:35:08.810 align:middle line:84% Or are they more of a toy than something functional? 00:35:08.810 --> 00:35:14.653 align:middle line:84% And of course, the most awesome piece of orthotics-- 00:35:14.653 --> 00:35:15.320 align:middle line:90% [AUDIO PLAYBACK] 00:35:15.320 --> 00:35:15.860 align:middle line:90% - One. 00:35:15.860 --> 00:35:16.640 align:middle line:90% [END PLAYBACK] 00:35:16.640 --> 00:35:20.090 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: --is the Infinity Gauntlet, OK? 00:35:20.090 --> 00:35:24.560 align:middle line:84% This is an orthotic glove that Thanos wears 00:35:24.560 --> 00:35:27.590 align:middle line:90% to give him godlike abilities. 00:35:27.590 --> 00:35:30.470 align:middle line:84% So you know, that's the most powerful orthotic 00:35:30.470 --> 00:35:32.270 align:middle line:90% you can think of. 00:35:32.270 --> 00:35:34.410 align:middle line:84% And I'd be remiss if I didn't talk about Iron 00:35:34.410 --> 00:35:37.160 align:middle line:90% Man and his exoskeleton. 00:35:37.160 --> 00:35:46.250 align:middle line:84% Exoskeletons are becoming very popular, 00:35:46.250 --> 00:35:48.820 align:middle line:84% and there's companies, including the VA, that 00:35:48.820 --> 00:35:52.610 align:middle line:84% are looking at providing these to people who use them. 00:35:52.610 --> 00:35:56.630 align:middle line:84% And of course, Dr. Who, the Daleks 00:35:56.630 --> 00:36:00.200 align:middle line:84% are actually inside this exoskeleton, 00:36:00.200 --> 00:36:02.570 align:middle line:90% this mobile exoskeleton. 00:36:02.570 --> 00:36:07.340 align:middle line:84% So another example of assistive technology. 00:36:07.340 --> 00:36:12.750 align:middle line:84% Keeping on the Transformer theme, film theme, 00:36:12.750 --> 00:36:20.930 align:middle line:84% this is a Panasonic device that transforms from a bed 00:36:20.930 --> 00:36:21.920 align:middle line:90% to a wheelchair. 00:36:21.920 --> 00:36:25.910 align:middle line:84% So you're in the bed, and part of the bed 00:36:25.910 --> 00:36:27.950 align:middle line:84% can be transformed into a wheelchair. 00:36:27.950 --> 00:36:32.690 align:middle line:84% And this eliminates the need for lifting a person off the bed 00:36:32.690 --> 00:36:34.250 align:middle line:84% and putting them in a wheelchair. 00:36:34.250 --> 00:36:36.290 align:middle line:84% So this is a number of years old, 00:36:36.290 --> 00:36:41.210 align:middle line:84% and I don't know if this has any commercial viability or not, 00:36:41.210 --> 00:36:45.560 align:middle line:90% but it's a nice idea. 00:36:45.560 --> 00:36:49.660 align:middle line:84% Microsoft developed this adaptive controller, 00:36:49.660 --> 00:36:53.210 align:middle line:84% and they've had commercials on TV and stuff like that. 00:36:53.210 --> 00:36:58.186 align:middle line:84% And so you might think, oh, wow, they [AUDIO OUT].. 00:36:58.186 --> 00:37:08.308 align:middle line:90% 00:37:08.308 --> 00:37:13.130 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: We are at the burden of technology today. 00:37:13.130 --> 00:37:15.682 align:middle line:90% I am sorry for the pause. 00:37:15.682 --> 00:37:20.863 align:middle line:90% 00:37:20.863 --> 00:37:22.780 align:middle line:84% Hopefully Dave comes back in a second. 00:37:22.780 --> 00:37:26.737 align:middle line:90% 00:37:26.737 --> 00:37:28.570 align:middle line:84% SPEAKER 3: I guess I'll ask a few questions, 00:37:28.570 --> 00:37:29.590 align:middle line:90% if you don't mind. 00:37:29.590 --> 00:37:30.820 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yeah. 00:37:30.820 --> 00:37:33.880 align:middle line:84% SPEAKER 3: So how many webinars are in your series? 00:37:33.880 --> 00:37:37.775 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: We've done about eight of them, 00:37:37.775 --> 00:37:39.760 align:middle line:84% or we'll have about eight through the year. 00:37:39.760 --> 00:37:41.600 align:middle line:90% And so there's-- 00:37:41.600 --> 00:37:43.945 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK. 00:37:43.945 --> 00:37:45.267 align:middle line:90% Am I back? 00:37:45.267 --> 00:37:45.850 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Yeah. 00:37:45.850 --> 00:37:48.568 align:middle line:90% 00:37:48.568 --> 00:37:50.610 align:middle line:84% We'll have another one coming up later this month 00:37:50.610 --> 00:37:52.443 align:middle line:84% on legal things to know about accessibility. 00:37:52.443 --> 00:37:53.880 align:middle line:84% So what, as an engineer, might you 00:37:53.880 --> 00:37:56.511 align:middle line:84% want to know about the laws regarding accessibility. 00:37:56.511 --> 00:37:58.700 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK. 00:37:58.700 --> 00:38:00.200 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Which should be interesting 00:38:00.200 --> 00:38:04.250 align:middle line:84% given all of the Domino's lawsuit coverage. 00:38:04.250 --> 00:38:06.170 align:middle line:90% Should be that... 00:38:06.170 --> 00:38:08.355 align:middle line:84% SPEAKER 3: To say the least, yes. 00:38:08.355 --> 00:38:09.540 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Am I back? 00:38:09.540 --> 00:38:11.180 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: You are back. 00:38:11.180 --> 00:38:14.400 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, I don't know what's going on here. 00:38:14.400 --> 00:38:16.723 align:middle line:90% Maybe the internet at my end. 00:38:16.723 --> 00:38:22.040 align:middle line:84% What I want to say about this is that Google Glass 00:38:22.040 --> 00:38:25.160 align:middle line:84% is an example of a commercial device, or formerly 00:38:25.160 --> 00:38:28.760 align:middle line:84% commercial device that can be repurposed to help people 00:38:28.760 --> 00:38:29.650 align:middle line:90% with disabilities. 00:38:29.650 --> 00:38:31.895 align:middle line:84% And these two individuals use Google Glass 00:38:31.895 --> 00:38:37.160 align:middle line:90% as a way to enjoy photography. 00:38:37.160 --> 00:38:42.690 align:middle line:90% So that's really great. 00:38:42.690 --> 00:38:43.950 align:middle line:90% OK, next slide. 00:38:43.950 --> 00:38:50.614 align:middle line:90% 00:38:50.614 --> 00:38:53.777 align:middle line:90% Oh, why is this happening? 00:38:53.777 --> 00:39:02.830 align:middle line:90% 00:39:02.830 --> 00:39:07.030 align:middle line:90% I don't know. 00:39:07.030 --> 00:39:09.640 align:middle line:90% 00:39:09.640 --> 00:39:13.870 align:middle line:84% I don't know why I'm frozen, but-- 00:39:13.870 --> 00:39:17.080 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Well, would it be-- 00:39:17.080 --> 00:39:19.138 align:middle line:84% do you want to talk about some of your thoughts 00:39:19.138 --> 00:39:19.930 align:middle line:90% without the slides? 00:39:19.930 --> 00:39:20.638 align:middle line:90% Is that possible? 00:39:20.638 --> 00:39:23.270 align:middle line:90% 00:39:23.270 --> 00:39:25.162 align:middle line:84% Or we could have some discussion? 00:39:25.162 --> 00:39:28.267 align:middle line:90% 00:39:28.267 --> 00:39:29.350 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Let's see. 00:39:29.350 --> 00:39:31.727 align:middle line:84% Let me see if I can get through these real quick. 00:39:31.727 --> 00:39:37.655 align:middle line:90% 00:39:37.655 --> 00:39:39.780 align:middle line:84% Yeah, maybe we can have a little bit of discussion. 00:39:39.780 --> 00:39:41.155 align:middle line:84% Maybe there's questions out there 00:39:41.155 --> 00:39:44.490 align:middle line:84% that I can answer while I'm cycling through this again. 00:39:44.490 --> 00:39:48.030 align:middle line:90% 00:39:48.030 --> 00:39:51.120 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Does anybody have a question? 00:39:51.120 --> 00:39:53.610 align:middle line:90% I can ask one, as well. 00:39:53.610 --> 00:39:57.450 align:middle line:84% SPEAKER 3: Yeah, I do have a question. 00:39:57.450 --> 00:40:01.860 align:middle line:84% So Dave was talking earlier about sort 00:40:01.860 --> 00:40:04.980 align:middle line:84% of testing your prototypes with users. 00:40:04.980 --> 00:40:10.710 align:middle line:84% But given that the landscape of disability 00:40:10.710 --> 00:40:12.040 align:middle line:90% can be very diverse-- 00:40:12.040 --> 00:40:15.090 align:middle line:84% so for example, let's say cognitive disability, 00:40:15.090 --> 00:40:20.047 align:middle line:90% there's various cognitive-- 00:40:20.047 --> 00:40:21.630 align:middle line:84% I don't want to use the word profiles, 00:40:21.630 --> 00:40:23.430 align:middle line:84% but cognitive strengths and weaknesses 00:40:23.430 --> 00:40:26.010 align:middle line:84% associated with each individual even 00:40:26.010 --> 00:40:31.980 align:middle line:84% within a certain diagnostic label. 00:40:31.980 --> 00:40:34.020 align:middle line:84% When you want to deploy technology 00:40:34.020 --> 00:40:37.820 align:middle line:84% for these individuals, you know, in industry they say-- 00:40:37.820 --> 00:40:38.880 align:middle line:90% where is it? 00:40:38.880 --> 00:40:42.360 align:middle line:84% You test five to six participants 00:40:42.360 --> 00:40:46.230 align:middle line:84% and you're able to capture about 80% of the usability errors, 00:40:46.230 --> 00:40:46.800 align:middle line:90% right? 00:40:46.800 --> 00:40:50.970 align:middle line:84% And that really does not hold true for individuals 00:40:50.970 --> 00:40:54.840 align:middle line:84% with disabilities, given how diverse and varied it is. 00:40:54.840 --> 00:40:56.880 align:middle line:84% And I'm a little curious what your 00:40:56.880 --> 00:41:01.225 align:middle line:84% take on addressing that difference is. 00:41:01.225 --> 00:41:02.100 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah. 00:41:02.100 --> 00:41:04.930 align:middle line:90% 00:41:04.930 --> 00:41:07.340 align:middle line:84% It's really tough because, like I said, 00:41:07.340 --> 00:41:09.580 align:middle line:84% every individual with a disability is different. 00:41:09.580 --> 00:41:14.260 align:middle line:84% So how do you build something that 00:41:14.260 --> 00:41:17.620 align:middle line:84% is useful for lots of people in any category? 00:41:17.620 --> 00:41:22.150 align:middle line:90% And it's just a huge challenge. 00:41:22.150 --> 00:41:29.410 align:middle line:84% And maybe that's why a lot of products fail, 00:41:29.410 --> 00:41:31.240 align:middle line:84% because they just don't have the market. 00:41:31.240 --> 00:41:34.820 align:middle line:90% 00:41:34.820 --> 00:41:39.440 align:middle line:84% So this is-- yeah, it's a huge issue. 00:41:39.440 --> 00:41:43.420 align:middle line:84% So for my class, I just have students 00:41:43.420 --> 00:41:45.070 align:middle line:84% work with one individual so they're not 00:41:45.070 --> 00:41:52.150 align:middle line:84% confused by a market requirement for a certain product. 00:41:52.150 --> 00:41:53.230 align:middle line:90% So. 00:41:53.230 --> 00:41:55.780 align:middle line:84% SPEAKER 3: Yeah, correct, but especially with the aging 00:41:55.780 --> 00:42:01.030 align:middle line:84% demographic and sort of all of the dementia 00:42:01.030 --> 00:42:05.060 align:middle line:84% and how it's impacting each individual user differently, 00:42:05.060 --> 00:42:07.980 align:middle line:84% whether it's in their motor skills or memory functions, 00:42:07.980 --> 00:42:09.700 align:middle line:84% you know, putting out products that 00:42:09.700 --> 00:42:15.020 align:middle line:84% can address these, I guess, flexibly 00:42:15.020 --> 00:42:19.330 align:middle line:84% is a very realistic thing that needs to be dealt with, right? 00:42:19.330 --> 00:42:22.120 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Right, it's a huge challenge. 00:42:22.120 --> 00:42:27.370 align:middle line:84% And the added piece of the design process 00:42:27.370 --> 00:42:29.900 align:middle line:84% for making products is understanding the market. 00:42:29.900 --> 00:42:31.900 align:middle line:84% So a lot of times, people build something 00:42:31.900 --> 00:42:38.140 align:middle line:84% and they don't really understand the details of the market. 00:42:38.140 --> 00:42:41.020 align:middle line:84% So I'm just going to go through the rest of these pretty quick, 00:42:41.020 --> 00:42:43.070 align:middle line:84% unless there's another question out there. 00:42:43.070 --> 00:42:45.070 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Somebody was asking about Google Glass, 00:42:45.070 --> 00:42:47.910 align:middle line:84% and whether it's back in production or? 00:42:47.910 --> 00:42:49.810 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: I've heard something 00:42:49.810 --> 00:42:51.460 align:middle line:84% that it may be back in production, 00:42:51.460 --> 00:42:53.800 align:middle line:84% but I haven't seen or heard anything recently. 00:42:53.800 --> 00:42:58.150 align:middle line:90% So that's still up for grabs. 00:42:58.150 --> 00:43:00.070 align:middle line:84% And there's actually people working 00:43:00.070 --> 00:43:01.690 align:middle line:84% on a lot of different applications 00:43:01.690 --> 00:43:04.540 align:middle line:84% for Google Glass, which, you know, 00:43:04.540 --> 00:43:09.910 align:middle line:84% there's some folks here using Google Glass as a way-- 00:43:09.910 --> 00:43:15.130 align:middle line:84% and the computer to recognize facial expressions 00:43:15.130 --> 00:43:19.510 align:middle line:90% for people with autism. 00:43:19.510 --> 00:43:21.400 align:middle line:84% That's still going on, but how are you 00:43:21.400 --> 00:43:27.015 align:middle line:84% going to have a viable system if there's no Google Glass around? 00:43:27.015 --> 00:43:28.890 align:middle line:84% There's lots of different products out there. 00:43:28.890 --> 00:43:34.850 align:middle line:84% This is one for table settings for those 00:43:34.850 --> 00:43:36.740 align:middle line:90% with cognitive impairments. 00:43:36.740 --> 00:43:44.090 align:middle line:84% This was done by a local woman as a partner for a college 00:43:44.090 --> 00:43:48.110 align:middle line:84% project, and also the winner of the Stanford Center 00:43:48.110 --> 00:43:50.300 align:middle line:84% on Longevity's first design challenge. 00:43:50.300 --> 00:43:55.000 align:middle line:84% And I bring this up because this is a rare example of something 00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:57.560 align:middle line:84% that has gone through the entire process. 00:43:57.560 --> 00:44:00.980 align:middle line:90% So she has this-- 00:44:00.980 --> 00:44:02.840 align:middle line:84% these are being produced in China 00:44:02.840 --> 00:44:05.390 align:middle line:84% and being sold on Amazon and at Walmart. 00:44:05.390 --> 00:44:11.300 align:middle line:84% So this is an example that it can be done, 00:44:11.300 --> 00:44:14.900 align:middle line:90% but it's really sort of rare. 00:44:14.900 --> 00:44:16.940 align:middle line:84% And of course, assistive technology 00:44:16.940 --> 00:44:19.220 align:middle line:90% could help pets, as well. 00:44:19.220 --> 00:44:21.350 align:middle line:90% So it's a great PBS documentary. 00:44:21.350 --> 00:44:25.983 align:middle line:84% Look up Bionic Pets, and you can review the whole thing. 00:44:25.983 --> 00:44:27.650 align:middle line:84% I mean, they even have commercials on TV 00:44:27.650 --> 00:44:32.900 align:middle line:84% now of dogs getting prosthetic legs and stuff. 00:44:32.900 --> 00:44:35.090 align:middle line:84% Then you have things like this, where 00:44:35.090 --> 00:44:38.780 align:middle line:84% it's a custom design for a particular individual 00:44:38.780 --> 00:44:42.560 align:middle line:84% because he's interested in doing this and it's cool for him 00:44:42.560 --> 00:44:45.740 align:middle line:84% to do that, but you wouldn't make like 50,000 of these 00:44:45.740 --> 00:44:49.430 align:middle line:84% and try to sell them to people because, you know, 00:44:49.430 --> 00:44:51.980 align:middle line:84% there's not that interest in having 00:44:51.980 --> 00:44:54.900 align:middle line:90% something that looks like this. 00:44:54.900 --> 00:44:57.230 align:middle line:84% Here's another example of a real product. 00:44:57.230 --> 00:45:01.310 align:middle line:84% And this was done by a couple students at Stanford, Liftware. 00:45:01.310 --> 00:45:10.880 align:middle line:84% This is a spoon that's stabilized by accelerometers 00:45:10.880 --> 00:45:13.200 align:middle line:84% in there so that, if you have tremors, 00:45:13.200 --> 00:45:15.750 align:middle line:90% the spoon stays stable. 00:45:15.750 --> 00:45:17.720 align:middle line:90% And this is available online. 00:45:17.720 --> 00:45:22.160 align:middle line:84% Google actually bought this, and you can buy these things 00:45:22.160 --> 00:45:25.000 align:middle line:90% for about $250. 00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:27.730 align:middle line:84% iBot wheelchair, here's an example of something 00:45:27.730 --> 00:45:30.630 align:middle line:90% that didn't work. 00:45:30.630 --> 00:45:36.490 align:middle line:84% The company, Johnson & Johnson, spent $500 million 00:45:36.490 --> 00:45:43.040 align:middle line:84% on this design, and I found out they only sold 500 of them. 00:45:43.040 --> 00:45:47.290 align:middle line:84% So each one of these cost $1 million. 00:45:47.290 --> 00:45:50.710 align:middle line:90% So they're trying to revive it. 00:45:50.710 --> 00:45:55.270 align:middle line:84% Toyota Research Institute has came up with this prototype, 00:45:55.270 --> 00:45:59.260 align:middle line:84% and I've just heard that another company will 00:45:59.260 --> 00:46:03.140 align:middle line:84% manufacture and market a new version of this, as well. 00:46:03.140 --> 00:46:07.370 align:middle line:84% So here's a wheelchair that actually 00:46:07.370 --> 00:46:09.530 align:middle line:84% has done really well because they've really 00:46:09.530 --> 00:46:11.660 align:middle line:90% focused a lot on aesthetics. 00:46:11.660 --> 00:46:14.180 align:middle line:84% And aesthetics is really important in design 00:46:14.180 --> 00:46:19.370 align:middle line:84% because everybody wants to look cool, and being in a wheelchair 00:46:19.370 --> 00:46:22.890 align:middle line:84% is the most uncool thing that you can do if you're not 00:46:22.890 --> 00:46:24.290 align:middle line:90% in a cool-looking wheelchair. 00:46:24.290 --> 00:46:29.390 align:middle line:84% So this device is relatively inexpensive, $2,500. 00:46:29.390 --> 00:46:31.880 align:middle line:90% It had omniwheels on the front. 00:46:31.880 --> 00:46:33.660 align:middle line:90% This is their new version. 00:46:33.660 --> 00:46:36.690 align:middle line:84% And here's an example of omniwheeels over here. 00:46:36.690 --> 00:46:38.570 align:middle line:84% And back when I was working at the VA, 00:46:38.570 --> 00:46:42.530 align:middle line:84% we made a device consisting of three omniwheels 00:46:42.530 --> 00:46:45.440 align:middle line:84% to build a whole wheelchair that was omnidirectional 00:46:45.440 --> 00:46:48.140 align:middle line:90% and could go sideways. 00:46:48.140 --> 00:46:51.200 align:middle line:84% Oh, this is a photo of a praying mantis 00:46:51.200 --> 00:46:55.950 align:middle line:84% that I took outside my office a few weeks ago. 00:46:55.950 --> 00:46:58.460 align:middle line:84% And it's a team mascot for the Royals, 00:46:58.460 --> 00:47:02.570 align:middle line:84% but this is the Stanford team mascot the tree. 00:47:02.570 --> 00:47:08.040 align:middle line:84% And you should fear the tree because it's powerful. 00:47:08.040 --> 00:47:14.210 align:middle line:84% The mascot used to be an Indian, and the team 00:47:14.210 --> 00:47:16.790 align:middle line:84% used to be called the Stanford Indian, 00:47:16.790 --> 00:47:18.170 align:middle line:84% but now it's called the Cardinal, 00:47:18.170 --> 00:47:21.830 align:middle line:84% but it's not the bird or the religious figure, 00:47:21.830 --> 00:47:24.470 align:middle line:90% it's actually the color. 00:47:24.470 --> 00:47:28.370 align:middle line:90% Stanford Cardinal is a color. 00:47:28.370 --> 00:47:31.970 align:middle line:84% The last thing I want to do is, real quickly, talk 00:47:31.970 --> 00:47:33.920 align:middle line:84% about my course and some of the projects 00:47:33.920 --> 00:47:36.170 align:middle line:84% that the students worked on last year. 00:47:36.170 --> 00:47:38.450 align:middle line:84% It's a 10-week, one-quarter course. 00:47:38.450 --> 00:47:44.540 align:middle line:84% Teams of three students working on projects. 00:47:44.540 --> 00:47:47.780 align:middle line:84% The class sessions include lectures, tours 00:47:47.780 --> 00:47:52.370 align:middle line:84% at the VA, an accessible playground. 00:47:52.370 --> 00:47:57.695 align:middle line:84% I put on an assistive technology fair, have movie night. 00:47:57.695 --> 00:48:00.050 align:middle line:84% The students work with people with disability 00:48:00.050 --> 00:48:03.320 align:middle line:84% in the local community, so they're in contact with them 00:48:03.320 --> 00:48:06.520 align:middle line:84% all the time as they're developing their project. 00:48:06.520 --> 00:48:11.090 align:middle line:84% The students do midterm and final presentation, 00:48:11.090 --> 00:48:14.910 align:middle line:84% and the last class session is like a trade 00:48:14.910 --> 00:48:17.450 align:middle line:90% show, project demonstrations. 00:48:17.450 --> 00:48:20.540 align:middle line:84% Here's a couple of students at the Magical Bridge Playground. 00:48:20.540 --> 00:48:22.820 align:middle line:84% And I've encouraged them to try to balance 00:48:22.820 --> 00:48:26.870 align:middle line:84% on this rotating disk, which is a piece of play equipment 00:48:26.870 --> 00:48:28.970 align:middle line:90% there. 00:48:28.970 --> 00:48:31.670 align:middle line:90% This is a project for Abby. 00:48:31.670 --> 00:48:35.210 align:middle line:84% You see she's in a wheelchair, and she 00:48:35.210 --> 00:48:39.980 align:middle line:84% has one hand on the controls and another hand on her service 00:48:39.980 --> 00:48:40.832 align:middle line:90% dog. 00:48:40.832 --> 00:48:42.290 align:middle line:84% And she doesn't really have a place 00:48:42.290 --> 00:48:44.180 align:middle line:84% to put stuff when she goes shopping, 00:48:44.180 --> 00:48:47.600 align:middle line:84% so students came up with this insulated zippered bag 00:48:47.600 --> 00:48:51.060 align:middle line:84% that she could use while grocery shopping. 00:48:51.060 --> 00:48:53.090 align:middle line:84% They also built a different kind of belt 00:48:53.090 --> 00:48:58.310 align:middle line:84% buckle for her service dog that doesn't require pinching, 00:48:58.310 --> 00:49:01.340 align:middle line:84% because pinching can be difficult for people who 00:49:01.340 --> 00:49:05.010 align:middle line:90% have hand and wrist problems. 00:49:05.010 --> 00:49:11.400 align:middle line:84% This is a student at Stanford who cannot independently call 00:49:11.400 --> 00:49:16.860 align:middle line:84% an elevator - designs for something that would work 00:49:16.860 --> 00:49:21.760 align:middle line:84% for her to make her more independent. 00:49:21.760 --> 00:49:23.790 align:middle line:90% Worked on a bunch of lap trays. 00:49:23.790 --> 00:49:34.410 align:middle line:84% This design was one inspired by the desks in auditoriums 00:49:34.410 --> 00:49:37.650 align:middle line:90% that fold up and fold over. 00:49:37.650 --> 00:49:41.610 align:middle line:84% So the students made a lap tray that does just that. 00:49:41.610 --> 00:49:44.400 align:middle line:84% So that was a really neat project. 00:49:44.400 --> 00:49:46.980 align:middle line:84% Here's a water bottle holder for-- 00:49:46.980 --> 00:49:50.760 align:middle line:84% and iPhone holder-- for Danny, who's a wheelchair user. 00:49:50.760 --> 00:49:53.550 align:middle line:84% Pretty simple design, but not all the students in my class 00:49:53.550 --> 00:49:55.530 align:middle line:84% are engineers, so they actually had 00:49:55.530 --> 00:49:59.720 align:middle line:84% to figure out how to laser cut all this stuff. 00:49:59.720 --> 00:50:02.240 align:middle line:84% This is another project for Danny 00:50:02.240 --> 00:50:04.880 align:middle line:84% that allows him to pick up this dropped iPhone. 00:50:04.880 --> 00:50:08.060 align:middle line:84% And in this case, the student team 00:50:08.060 --> 00:50:12.350 align:middle line:84% consisted of three Stanford offensive linemen football 00:50:12.350 --> 00:50:15.320 align:middle line:84% players, each over 350 [INAUDIBLE].. 00:50:15.320 --> 00:50:29.236 align:middle line:90% 00:50:29.236 --> 00:50:32.080 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: We are not having a good day, are we? 00:50:32.080 --> 00:50:33.760 align:middle line:84% Thanks, everybody, for hanging with us. 00:50:33.760 --> 00:50:36.318 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Oh, am I-- 00:50:36.318 --> 00:50:38.860 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: We got paused as you were talking about the football 00:50:38.860 --> 00:50:39.360 align:middle line:90% players. 00:50:39.360 --> 00:50:50.220 align:middle line:90% 00:50:50.220 --> 00:50:51.660 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK. 00:50:51.660 --> 00:50:54.510 align:middle line:90% God, I was almost done. 00:50:54.510 --> 00:50:55.540 align:middle line:90% Am I back? 00:50:55.540 --> 00:50:56.510 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: You're back. 00:50:56.510 --> 00:50:58.605 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, I'm almost done. 00:50:58.605 --> 00:50:59.230 align:middle line:90% Thank goodness. 00:50:59.230 --> 00:51:02.940 align:middle line:90% 00:51:02.940 --> 00:51:06.484 align:middle line:90% Oh, no, why did it go back? 00:51:06.484 --> 00:51:08.995 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: We're not having a good day with technology here. 00:51:08.995 --> 00:51:09.787 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: No. 00:51:09.787 --> 00:51:10.512 align:middle line:90% But, you know. 00:51:10.512 --> 00:51:12.720 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Thanks for having a sense of humor about it. 00:51:12.720 --> 00:51:13.200 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah. 00:51:13.200 --> 00:51:14.283 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: It is what it is. 00:51:14.283 --> 00:51:16.910 align:middle line:90% 00:51:16.910 --> 00:51:18.420 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, well, you know, 00:51:18.420 --> 00:51:22.200 align:middle line:84% there's a few other projects, but I don't think 00:51:22.200 --> 00:51:23.760 align:middle line:90% I need to go through all those. 00:51:23.760 --> 00:51:29.280 align:middle line:84% So we can just wrap up with questions 00:51:29.280 --> 00:51:31.290 align:middle line:84% that people have, either about the course 00:51:31.290 --> 00:51:34.290 align:middle line:90% or what I talked about. 00:51:34.290 --> 00:51:40.200 align:middle line:84% And for those-- oh, I want to give my email address. 00:51:40.200 --> 00:51:47.646 align:middle line:84% It's Dave Jaffe, D-A-V-E J-A-F-F-E, @Stanford.edu. 00:51:47.646 --> 00:51:49.920 align:middle line:90% So you're welcome to email me. 00:51:49.920 --> 00:51:54.270 align:middle line:84% And I have a newsletter for my course, and if you email me, 00:51:54.270 --> 00:51:57.540 align:middle line:90% I'll put you on that list. 00:51:57.540 --> 00:52:14.155 align:middle line:84% And the URL for my course is http://engr110.stanford.edu. 00:52:14.155 --> 00:52:14.655 align:middle line:90% So. 00:52:14.655 --> 00:52:16.997 align:middle line:90% 00:52:16.997 --> 00:52:19.080 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Does anybody have any questions for Dave? 00:52:19.080 --> 00:52:20.910 align:middle line:90% This was a great presentation. 00:52:20.910 --> 00:52:23.316 align:middle line:84% Again, my apologies for the interruptions. 00:52:23.316 --> 00:52:26.607 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah, it was probably Stanford's. 00:52:26.607 --> 00:52:28.440 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: A couple folks have asked if you're 00:52:28.440 --> 00:52:30.630 align:middle line:90% willing to share the slides. 00:52:30.630 --> 00:52:32.580 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: I'll send you a PDF. 00:52:32.580 --> 00:52:33.620 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: OK, great. 00:52:33.620 --> 00:52:36.330 align:middle line:84% If you share with me, then I can share with everyone. 00:52:36.330 --> 00:52:37.890 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah. 00:52:37.890 --> 00:52:40.542 align:middle line:90% And this is going to be made-- 00:52:40.542 --> 00:52:41.750 align:middle line:90% you're going to caption this? 00:52:41.750 --> 00:52:43.120 align:middle line:90% You're going to post captions? 00:52:43.120 --> 00:52:44.630 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Yeah, we're going to caption them and then post them 00:52:44.630 --> 00:52:46.547 align:middle line:84% on our website, which takes us a little while, 00:52:46.547 --> 00:52:50.824 align:middle line:84% but using an accessible video player, as well, when we do it. 00:52:50.824 --> 00:52:55.560 align:middle line:90% 00:52:55.560 --> 00:52:59.060 align:middle line:84% You mentioned that students in your class aren't engineers. 00:52:59.060 --> 00:53:00.980 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Well, they sometimes 00:53:00.980 --> 00:53:06.290 align:middle line:84% are and sometimes not, because the course is really flexible 00:53:06.290 --> 00:53:08.000 align:middle line:90% as far as who can take it. 00:53:08.000 --> 00:53:12.830 align:middle line:84% So I've had mechanical engineers and computer 00:53:12.830 --> 00:53:17.610 align:middle line:84% science people, people from human biology, regular biology. 00:53:17.610 --> 00:53:21.470 align:middle line:84% I've actually had a couple of business school students 00:53:21.470 --> 00:53:26.480 align:middle line:84% take the class, and liberal arts people. 00:53:26.480 --> 00:53:29.050 align:middle line:90% 00:53:29.050 --> 00:53:36.260 align:middle line:84% So they can work on projects, or if they're don't have time, 00:53:36.260 --> 00:53:40.840 align:middle line:84% they can just sit in on the lectures 00:53:40.840 --> 00:53:45.070 align:middle line:90% and get one unit of credit. 00:53:45.070 --> 00:53:49.330 align:middle line:84% They can also work on a small project, 00:53:49.330 --> 00:53:52.930 align:middle line:84% like writing about a specific topic 00:53:52.930 --> 00:53:56.860 align:middle line:84% or doing something that doesn't involve users. 00:53:56.860 --> 00:53:59.140 align:middle line:84% They may do something like come up 00:53:59.140 --> 00:54:05.470 align:middle line:84% with a web app or some kind of a website 00:54:05.470 --> 00:54:07.460 align:middle line:90% or explore some other things. 00:54:07.460 --> 00:54:10.960 align:middle line:84% So the course is designed to be flexible 00:54:10.960 --> 00:54:16.240 align:middle line:84% so that people can take it without having 00:54:16.240 --> 00:54:17.450 align:middle line:90% a background in engineering. 00:54:17.450 --> 00:54:19.450 align:middle line:84% Well, although a lot of students, 00:54:19.450 --> 00:54:24.880 align:middle line:84% you know, will use the shop facilities here 00:54:24.880 --> 00:54:27.520 align:middle line:84% and learn how to do 3D printing and laser cutting 00:54:27.520 --> 00:54:29.810 align:middle line:90% and all this other stuff. 00:54:29.810 --> 00:54:34.160 align:middle line:84% And that's just another skill that they acquire. 00:54:34.160 --> 00:54:35.370 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: That's awesome. 00:54:35.370 --> 00:54:37.208 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah. 00:54:37.208 --> 00:54:39.000 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: [INAUDIBLE] mentioned a conference 00:54:39.000 --> 00:54:43.160 align:middle line:84% he's mentioned a conference, the ATAAC Conference held 00:54:43.160 --> 00:54:43.963 align:middle line:90% in Croatia. 00:54:43.963 --> 00:54:46.130 align:middle line:84% What other conf-- you mentioned going to conferences 00:54:46.130 --> 00:54:47.030 align:middle line:90% is a good way to learn. 00:54:47.030 --> 00:54:48.822 align:middle line:84% What other conferences would you recommend? 00:54:48.822 --> 00:54:51.930 align:middle line:84% DAVID L. JAFFE: Well, I would recommend the professional 00:54:51.930 --> 00:54:55.070 align:middle line:84% society called Resna, R-E-S-N-A, that I've been going 00:54:55.070 --> 00:54:57.380 align:middle line:90% to for about 40 years. 00:54:57.380 --> 00:55:01.070 align:middle line:84% So this is a professional society of not just engineers, 00:55:01.070 --> 00:55:03.140 align:middle line:84% but therapists and anybody involved 00:55:03.140 --> 00:55:05.330 align:middle line:90% in assistive technology. 00:55:05.330 --> 00:55:10.370 align:middle line:84% The next-- it typically runs in late June or early July, 00:55:10.370 --> 00:55:14.060 align:middle line:84% and this coming year it will be in Washington, DC. 00:55:14.060 --> 00:55:24.500 align:middle line:84% There are exhibit halls, there's classes, including 00:55:24.500 --> 00:55:26.660 align:middle line:90% the fundamentals class. 00:55:26.660 --> 00:55:32.210 align:middle line:84% There's workshops and an exhibit area 00:55:32.210 --> 00:55:34.260 align:middle line:84% and all sorts of other activities going on, 00:55:34.260 --> 00:55:36.860 align:middle line:84% including student design competition, student 00:55:36.860 --> 00:55:39.050 align:middle line:90% scientific paper competition. 00:55:39.050 --> 00:55:42.080 align:middle line:84% And it's really the place for learning 00:55:42.080 --> 00:55:44.990 align:middle line:90% about assistive technology. 00:55:44.990 --> 00:55:50.600 align:middle line:84% And it's a place that belongs to professionals. 00:55:50.600 --> 00:55:51.890 align:middle line:90% OK? 00:55:51.890 --> 00:55:53.240 align:middle line:90% So it's been around a long time. 00:55:53.240 --> 00:55:57.770 align:middle line:84% They've been very active in credentialing 00:55:57.770 --> 00:56:01.160 align:middle line:90% in assistive technology. 00:56:01.160 --> 00:56:06.900 align:middle line:84% So it's the one conference I go to every year, 00:56:06.900 --> 00:56:09.370 align:middle line:90% and this year will be 40 years. 00:56:09.370 --> 00:56:10.138 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Awesome. 00:56:10.138 --> 00:56:11.013 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Yeah. 00:56:11.013 --> 00:56:12.530 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: There was another question. 00:56:12.530 --> 00:56:13.395 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, go ahead. 00:56:13.395 --> 00:56:15.170 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Kat Steele asked, what strategies 00:56:15.170 --> 00:56:17.320 align:middle line:84% do you use to figure out what projects 00:56:17.320 --> 00:56:19.670 align:middle line:84% are a good fit with a 10-week class? 00:56:19.670 --> 00:56:22.670 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, right. 00:56:22.670 --> 00:56:28.880 align:middle line:84% The biggest challenge for me is exploring challenges 00:56:28.880 --> 00:56:30.170 align:middle line:90% in the local community. 00:56:30.170 --> 00:56:35.270 align:middle line:84% So I have people, you know, get in touch with me 00:56:35.270 --> 00:56:37.340 align:middle line:90% and suggest student projects. 00:56:37.340 --> 00:56:39.530 align:middle line:84% And I have to validate them to make sure 00:56:39.530 --> 00:56:43.280 align:middle line:84% they meet all the requirements and that there's nothing 00:56:43.280 --> 00:56:45.530 align:middle line:84% already out there that solves the problem. 00:56:45.530 --> 00:56:50.150 align:middle line:84% So what that means is these are all original, realistic 00:56:50.150 --> 00:56:53.630 align:middle line:84% problems experienced by people with disabilities locally. 00:56:53.630 --> 00:56:54.150 align:middle line:90% OK? 00:56:54.150 --> 00:56:59.630 align:middle line:84% And so those are documented on the website and then 00:56:59.630 --> 00:57:01.640 align:middle line:90% in a handout. 00:57:01.640 --> 00:57:05.420 align:middle line:84% And on the second day of class, the people 00:57:05.420 --> 00:57:09.650 align:middle line:84% who suggested the projects pitch them to the class. 00:57:09.650 --> 00:57:14.240 align:middle line:84% And the students evaluate all those and form teams 00:57:14.240 --> 00:57:17.060 align:middle line:84% and pick the project that they would like to work on. 00:57:17.060 --> 00:57:21.350 align:middle line:84% So it works out well for everybody. 00:57:21.350 --> 00:57:26.970 align:middle line:84% You know, I help the students [AUDIO OUT] 00:57:26.970 --> 00:57:31.580 align:middle line:84% or give me an update so I know they're on the right track. 00:57:31.580 --> 00:57:33.840 align:middle line:90% So that's the way it works. 00:57:33.840 --> 00:57:38.510 align:middle line:84% So in a lot of other classes, there's 00:57:38.510 --> 00:57:44.480 align:middle line:84% projects that may involve companies or imaginary people, 00:57:44.480 --> 00:57:50.150 align:middle line:84% but in my mind, if you work with an imaginary problem, 00:57:50.150 --> 00:57:54.110 align:middle line:84% you'll come up with an imaginary solution. 00:57:54.110 --> 00:57:57.020 align:middle line:84% I don't concern myself at all with commercialization 00:57:57.020 --> 00:57:59.960 align:middle line:84% because that's another whole issue, 00:57:59.960 --> 00:58:02.990 align:middle line:84% so it's OK if the student just works on a project that 00:58:02.990 --> 00:58:05.330 align:middle line:90% benefits one person. 00:58:05.330 --> 00:58:10.890 align:middle line:84% The main focus and goal of the course 00:58:10.890 --> 00:58:15.390 align:middle line:84% is use assistive technology as a framework to giving students 00:58:15.390 --> 00:58:20.580 align:middle line:84% skills and working in a team, working in the community, 00:58:20.580 --> 00:58:26.000 align:middle line:84% going through a design process, critical thinking, analysis 00:58:26.000 --> 00:58:29.760 align:middle line:84% of a problem, and most critically, 00:58:29.760 --> 00:58:33.930 align:middle line:84% improving communication skills of presentation and report 00:58:33.930 --> 00:58:35.940 align:middle line:84% writing, because these are the skills 00:58:35.940 --> 00:58:38.280 align:middle line:84% that the students are going to be 00:58:38.280 --> 00:58:42.390 align:middle line:84% used once they graduate, no matter what area they go into. 00:58:42.390 --> 00:58:44.070 align:middle line:84% And I really wish somebody had told me 00:58:44.070 --> 00:58:47.040 align:middle line:84% when I was going to school how important communication 00:58:47.040 --> 00:58:50.820 align:middle line:84% skills-- you know, writing and presenting-- would be, 00:58:50.820 --> 00:58:55.580 align:middle line:84% because those are skills I use all the time. 00:58:55.580 --> 00:58:56.840 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: One last question. 00:58:56.840 --> 00:58:59.500 align:middle line:84% Kat Steele asks, what strategies do 00:58:59.500 --> 00:59:01.887 align:middle line:84% you use to set the expectations of the users who 00:59:01.887 --> 00:59:02.845 align:middle line:90% work with the students? 00:59:02.845 --> 00:59:04.410 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: Oh, OK. 00:59:04.410 --> 00:59:06.270 align:middle line:84% Right, that's a very good question. 00:59:06.270 --> 00:59:09.500 align:middle line:84% So you know, first of all, it's students. 00:59:09.500 --> 00:59:11.760 align:middle line:84% Second of all, it's a 10-week course, 00:59:11.760 --> 00:59:13.010 align:middle line:90% so there's limited time. 00:59:13.010 --> 00:59:15.710 align:middle line:84% Students have a budget of a couple hundred dollars, 00:59:15.710 --> 00:59:18.260 align:middle line:90% so that's a limit, as well. 00:59:18.260 --> 00:59:21.380 align:middle line:84% I tell you the users right off the bat 00:59:21.380 --> 00:59:24.200 align:middle line:84% that the students are supposed to come up 00:59:24.200 --> 00:59:26.390 align:middle line:84% with a functional prototype, but you know, 00:59:26.390 --> 00:59:28.220 align:middle line:84% it may not be ready for prime time, 00:59:28.220 --> 00:59:29.830 align:middle line:90% it may not even be safe to use. 00:59:29.830 --> 00:59:33.230 align:middle line:84% So in those cases, I don't allow the user 00:59:33.230 --> 00:59:35.870 align:middle line:90% to get the piece of equipment. 00:59:35.870 --> 00:59:42.680 align:middle line:84% And I certainly don't allow any projects 00:59:42.680 --> 00:59:45.150 align:middle line:84% that would put a person at risk of harm. 00:59:45.150 --> 00:59:48.300 align:middle line:90% 00:59:48.300 --> 00:59:49.402 align:middle line:90% OK? 00:59:49.402 --> 00:59:50.860 align:middle line:84% BRIANNA: Well, thank you very much, 00:59:50.860 --> 00:59:53.050 align:middle line:84% Dave, for this presentation, and thanks, everybody, 00:59:53.050 --> 00:59:54.580 align:middle line:90% for joining us. 00:59:54.580 --> 00:59:58.528 align:middle line:84% This was great, and I'll follow up over email with everybody. 00:59:58.528 --> 00:59:59.320 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK. 00:59:59.320 --> 01:00:00.112 align:middle line:90% Well, thanks again. 01:00:00.112 --> 01:00:05.170 align:middle line:84% I appreciate everybody participating and listening, 01:00:05.170 --> 01:00:06.890 align:middle line:84% and I hope you got something out of it. 01:00:06.890 --> 01:00:08.390 align:middle line:84% And if you have any questions or you 01:00:08.390 --> 01:00:14.670 align:middle line:84% want to send me a review, your thoughts, please do so. 01:00:14.670 --> 01:00:18.030 align:middle line:84% I welcome whenever you have to say. 01:00:18.030 --> 01:00:18.810 align:middle line:90% OK. 01:00:18.810 --> 01:00:21.162 align:middle line:84% My power just is running out, too. 01:00:21.162 --> 01:00:22.460 align:middle line:90% BRIANNA: Bye-bye. 01:00:22.460 --> 01:00:24.460 align:middle line:90% DAVID L. JAFFE: OK, bye.