Performing Political Identity

The Democrat Party in Thailand

Marc Askew

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• Published: 2008
• Subject Listing: Anthropology, Asian Studies, Political Science
• Bibliographic information: 408 pp., 20 figs, 11 tables, 3 maps, notes, bibliog., index, 5.5 x 8.5 in.
• Territorial rights: World rights except Southeast Asia
• Contents

Performing Political Identity is an anthropological account of the multi-level dynamics that underlie the continuing electoral dominance of the Democrat Party in southern Thailand, a conspicuous anomaly in Thailand's political landscape. Based on extensive participant observation and interviews, the book presents a detailed study of candidates, support groups, and election campaigns in the province of Songkhla in the eventful years 2004 and 2005, highlighting the intimate links between local and national politics.

Marc Askew argues that the Democrat ascendancy is based on a careful balance between "pragmatics" and "poetics." Pragmatics comprises the management of the ambitions and needs of key supporters in tightly knit informal political groups, or phuak. Poetics involves the cultivation of powerful myths connecting ordinary voters to an idea of the Democrat Party as an embodiment of the idealized qualities of southern Thainess and guardian of southern Thai political culture.

In the dramatic settings of political rallies, southern Democrat voters and politicians alike perform their loyalty and identity as a moral community against political enemies who are demonized as their evil opposites bent on buying votes and "eating the country." From 2001, Thaksin Shinawatra's Thai Rak Thai Party, although triumphant elsewhere in Thailand, faced stubborn opposition in the south. Again in 2005, against all national trends, southern voters stubbornly reaffirmed their loyalty to the Democrats. This book, the first detailed treatment of the southern Democrat Party in action, explores the symbolic and organizational strategies that the party employs to reproduce and sustain its regional political ascendancy.

Marc Askew is a senior fellow in anthropology at the University of Melbourne. He is the author of Bangkok: Place, Practice and Representation and Conspiracy, Politics and a Disorderly Border: The Struggle to Comprehend Insurgency in Thailand's Deep South.

List of Maps, Plates, and Tables
Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Thai Names
Preface and Acknowledgments

Part I: Introduction: Culture Myths and a Political Heartland
1. Making Sense of Difference: The Democrats and the Electricity Pole
2. Constructing a Democrat South: Claiming "Political Culture" and Territory

Part II: A Wall in the South: The First Battle
3. "A Beautiful Political Culture": The Democrats Defend Southern Virtue

Part III: Riding the Tide: Local Politics and Democrat Krasae
4. The Struggle for Hat Yai: Localism, Lineage, and Loyalty Game
5. The Provincial Election: Policy, Phuak, and Party Allegiance

Part IV: The 2005 Election: Democrat Udomkan and Other Persuasions
6. Southern Democrats at Bay: The 2005 National Election
7. The Campaigns: Symbols and Rhetorical Performances
8. Alliances and Persuasions: Vote Canvassers and the Uses of Money
9. Interpreting the Democrats' Southern Triumph

Part V: Anatomy of the Democrat Political Ascendancy
10. Symbols and Solidarities: Anatomy of the Democrat Ascendancy
11. Conclusion: Performing Political Identity

Epilogue: Surviving Thaksin and Beyond

Notes
Sources
Index