WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:01.740 --> 00:00:02.940 My name is Sheryl Burgstahler 00:00:02.940 --> 00:00:07.820 and I direct Accessible Technology Services at the University of Washington in Seattle. 00:00:07.820 --> 00:00:11.820 Our services also reach out to our branch campuses in Bothell and Tacoma. 00:00:13.440 --> 00:00:14.920 My name is Hadi Rangin 00:00:14.920 --> 00:00:21.160 and I’m a member of IT Accessibility Team at University of Washington. 00:00:25.820 --> 00:00:31.280 Hadi’s an accessibility expert, and he's also a user of accessible technology. 00:00:31.290 --> 00:00:35.050 He uses a refreshable Braille display and screen reading software 00:00:35.050 --> 00:00:37.360 that reads everything on the screen. 00:00:38.020 --> 00:00:42.000 I am blind and I use a screen reader program 00:00:42.000 --> 00:00:45.180 at home and here, everywhere. 00:00:45.180 --> 00:00:50.850 A screen reader program is software that communicates with the operating system 00:00:50.850 --> 00:00:54.080 and conveys the information to me. 00:00:54.080 --> 00:00:56.600 [screen reader reads fast] 00:00:56.600 --> 00:01:00.440 Even if you are reading as a sighted person, 00:01:00.440 --> 00:01:03.680 you do not read every content at the same speed. 00:01:03.680 --> 00:01:04.680 Right? 00:01:04.680 --> 00:01:09.310 Sometimes you have to make a pause and then review what you have read 00:01:09.310 --> 00:01:11.700 and then digest the information. 00:01:11.700 --> 00:01:13.049 For us it's the same thing. 00:01:13.049 --> 00:01:20.420 When we are reading, for example, normal conversation we can read it very fast. 00:01:20.420 --> 00:01:26.490 But when we are reading technical content then we go a little slower. 00:01:26.490 --> 00:01:27.869 We make more pauses. 00:01:27.869 --> 00:01:29.219 Accessible University. 00:01:29.219 --> 00:01:30.219 One. 00:01:30.219 --> 00:01:32.979 I have slowed down my screen reader program. 00:01:32.979 --> 00:01:34.210 Banner. 00:01:34.210 --> 00:01:35.570 Heading level one graphic Accessible University. 00:01:35.570 --> 00:01:36.570 Banner end. 00:01:36.570 --> 00:01:39.579 But if it is, for example, about email I can go... 00:01:39.579 --> 00:01:41.100 Faster faster faster faster faster 00:01:41.100 --> 00:01:45.100 [so fast that audio becomes unintelligible]. 00:01:45.100 --> 00:01:47.240 I can go that fast. 00:01:47.240 --> 00:01:50.479 But it’s not enough for Hadi to have a screen reader. 00:01:50.479 --> 00:01:53.299 Websites must be designed accessibly in order for the screen reader 00:01:53.300 --> 00:01:56.580 to provide a full experience of the webpage. 00:01:56.580 --> 00:02:01.040 I would like to show you two pages 00:02:01.049 --> 00:02:07.810 that are visually pretty much consistent, identical. 00:02:07.810 --> 00:02:09.220 But one of them is accessible. 00:02:09.220 --> 00:02:11.420 One of them is not accessible. 00:02:11.420 --> 00:02:17.110 You will see in an inaccessible page how difficult it is 00:02:17.110 --> 00:02:19.980 when those accessibility features are not present. 00:02:24.720 --> 00:02:25.720 This is the... 00:02:25.720 --> 00:02:27.000 Accessible University 00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:29.840 This is the accessible version of 00:02:29.860 --> 00:02:34.720 a fictional university that we have developed here. 00:02:34.720 --> 00:02:38.050 We call that Accessible University. 00:02:38.050 --> 00:02:40.270 Here for example, on this accessible page, 00:02:40.270 --> 00:02:45.480 I can ask my screen reader to show me the major components of the page. 00:02:45.480 --> 00:02:46.860 Document Regions Dialog. 00:02:46.860 --> 00:02:47.860 Regions tree view. 00:02:47.860 --> 00:02:50.160 It tells me we have a banner section. 00:02:50.160 --> 00:02:51.160 Main menu navigation 00:02:51.160 --> 00:02:53.150 We have a main menu section... 00:02:53.150 --> 00:02:54.150 Main 00:02:54.150 --> 00:02:55.350 And the main body... 00:02:55.350 --> 00:02:56.350 Apply Now form. 00:02:56.350 --> 00:02:57.780 There is another region... 00:02:57.780 --> 00:02:58.830 content information 00:02:58.830 --> 00:03:04.080 and content information which is the same as footer section. 00:03:04.080 --> 00:03:07.980 So assuming the page has been developed correctly, 00:03:07.980 --> 00:03:12.980 I have good idea about the major components of the page. 00:03:17.740 --> 00:03:25.500 Let me now go to see this page, the inaccessible version of this page. 00:03:25.500 --> 00:03:28.260 Home Page, Accessible University 00:03:28.260 --> 00:03:33.900 This looks pretty much the same as the other one, the accessible version 00:03:33.900 --> 00:03:39.990 but here when I ask my screen reader to convey the major components... 00:03:39.990 --> 00:03:40.990 No region found 00:03:40.990 --> 00:03:43.350 It said "no region found." 00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:52.760 So for me, practically, I have to read from top to bottom. 00:03:52.760 --> 00:03:55.650 If those accessibility features are not present, 00:03:55.650 --> 00:03:58.590 everything has the same weight. 00:03:58.590 --> 00:04:04.430 So we do not, there is no way for us to say that 00:04:04.430 --> 00:04:09.010 where a major section starts or where it ends. 00:04:09.010 --> 00:04:13.070 It is really not just the fact reading the content, 00:04:13.070 --> 00:04:15.110 it is also about navigation. 00:04:15.110 --> 00:04:20.549 We have to discover the page 00:04:20.549 --> 00:04:26.800 and then that is the most time-consuming problem. 00:04:26.800 --> 00:04:32.979 Once you know where you are, what you are reading, 00:04:32.979 --> 00:04:36.840 then it is usually fine. 00:04:36.840 --> 00:04:39.870 But the discovery process or navigation process 00:04:39.870 --> 00:04:44.740 is the most complicated process in an accessibility field. 00:04:44.740 --> 00:04:49.379 In order to do it I have to read from top to bottom. 00:04:49.379 --> 00:04:51.570 Whereas in the accessible version, 00:04:51.570 --> 00:04:55.460 I could easily see what the major components were 00:04:55.460 --> 00:05:02.160 and then select the desired ones and move to that section quickly. 00:05:02.180 --> 00:05:04.900 Leaving menus. Heading List dialog. Headings List view. 00:05:04.920 --> 00:05:13.300 Headings is also a means to get information 00:05:13.300 --> 00:05:19.300 about the structure of the content. 00:05:20.640 --> 00:05:24.940 It gives me a good understanding, a good overview, about 00:05:24.949 --> 00:05:29.409 the major or minor components of the content. 00:05:29.409 --> 00:05:30.510 So I see that here... 00:05:30.510 --> 00:05:32.419 Welcome 2. 00:05:32.419 --> 00:05:33.969 Featured Stories Slideshow 2. 00:05:33.969 --> 00:05:35.310 Accessible University 1. 00:05:35.310 --> 00:05:41.490 Accessible University itself is a Heading 1 and under that we have... 00:05:41.490 --> 00:05:42.490 Feature Stories. 00:05:42.490 --> 00:05:45.010 Feature Stories, which is Heading 2. 00:05:45.010 --> 00:05:48.360 It automatically conveys the information 00:05:48.360 --> 00:05:52.949 that this section is a subsection of the heading above. 00:05:52.949 --> 00:05:58.389 You know you will see also that overall get an outline 00:05:58.389 --> 00:06:02.190 of the page and the major sections of that. 00:06:02.190 --> 00:06:05.940 That is the difference between accessible and inaccessible. 00:06:07.700 --> 00:06:12.040 That screen reader can only access the text that's presented on the screen 00:06:12.050 --> 00:06:16.949 and so if someone just scans in a document and puts an image up on their website 00:06:16.949 --> 00:06:19.990 that screen reader is not going to be able to read that content. 00:06:19.990 --> 00:06:25.449 And so the web developer in that case needs to know to create all their materials 00:06:25.449 --> 00:06:28.199 so that they're accessible to a screen reader, in other words 00:06:28.199 --> 00:06:34.249 so they can access the text for that screen reader to read it aloud 00:06:34.249 --> 00:06:35.840 to a person who's blind. 00:06:35.920 --> 00:06:36.820 Enter. 00:06:36.830 --> 00:06:37.830 Message from. 00:06:37.830 --> 00:06:38.830 Hi All. 00:06:38.830 --> 00:06:40.389 It’s essential that people with disabilities 00:06:40.389 --> 00:06:44.800 have access to assistive technology but that’s not the end of the story. 00:06:44.800 --> 00:06:47.940 In order for them to be effective users of technology, 00:06:47.940 --> 00:06:49.809 the technology that other people develop 00:06:49.809 --> 00:06:54.969 like websites and software and PDF files and so forth 00:06:54.969 --> 00:06:56.430 must be designed in such a way 00:06:56.430 --> 00:06:59.500 that they can use it with their assistive technology.