Cover Letter Basics

CONTENTS

Key points to remember:

The purpose of the cover letter is to:

Make a good case for the match between you and the position to which you are applying,
Show how you are unique in your ability to add value to the organization,
Provide an example of your writing abilities, and
Convey interest in the position and an eagerness to be considered.

Cover letters should be tailored specifically for the position to which you are applying.

How to begin: the first paragraph

Identify the position by name and requisition number (if given).
Tell how you learned about the opening. Were you referred to the position by someone? If so, mention their name. If you found out through an advertisement or online posting, mention where you saw the opening. Employers like to learn which advertising methods are yielding the best results.
Mention why the position interests you. Show evidence that you have researched their organization and tell how what you have learned reinforces your interest. Avoid saying things like, "I am interested in working for you because your program is top-ranked in your field." That may be flattering, but it provides no information about how your background or interests connect with what they do.
Emphasize how your background matches their requirements and what sets you apart from other candidates. State your case briefly; you will be elaborating on these points in your middle paragraphs.
Express enthusiasm and confidence about your ability to add value to the organization, e.g. "I feel confident that my previous experience working in a genetics laboratory and my enjoyment of hands-on, precise work will enable me to quickly contribute to your research program."
Concisely convey all this information in six to eight lines!

Shine a spotlight on your qualifications: the middle paragraph(s)

Emphasize what you have to offer beginning with your most related attributes and experiences. Refer to the job description and select two to four requirements for which you have particularly relevant experience, education, or strengths and highlight this information.
Use examples to demonstrate your match with the position. Use the STAR method (Situation * Task * Action * Result) to describe your examples. Keep your comments brief and to the point.
Mention any relevant upcoming experiences or educational opportunities.

Compelling closings: the final paragraph

Restate your interest and your confidence in your ability to contribute, e.g. "I am eager to apply my background and strengths to the research you are doing in XYZ Lab."
Request an interview, e.g. "I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to further discuss how my qualifications match the _________ position."
Indicate the best way to reach you. If there is a best way to reach you, e.g., email or cell phone, mention it. If you will be out of town or unavailable for a period during the search, let the employer know and provide alternate ways to reach you.
Thank the employer for reviewing your application.

Formatting tips:

Use a business letter format.
Keep it to one page and two to four paragraphs in length.
If possible, address the letter to an individual by name, including correct title, organization, and address.

Online resources to help you prepare:

Job Search Tools